SYT4 Human

Synaptotagmin IV (SYT4) is a member of the synaptotagmin family, which consists of membrane-trafficking proteins characterized by an N-terminal transmembrane region, a variable linker, and two C-terminal C2 domains (C2A and C2B) . Synaptotagmins play a crucial role in the regulation of neurotransmitter release and hormone secretion, acting as calcium sensors in these processes .

The synaptotagmin family includes 17 isoforms in mammals, each with distinct functions and properties . These proteins are involved in various stages of synaptic vesicle docking and fusion with the presynaptic membrane, which is essential for neurotransmission . While some synaptotagmins bind to calcium and act as Ca²⁺ sensors, others do not due to the lack of calcium-coordinating residues or spatial orientation of acidic residues .

Synaptotagmin IV is one of the isoforms that do not bind to calcium . Despite this, it plays a significant role in the regulation of synaptic plasticity and long-term potentiation, which are critical for learning and memory . SYT4 is predominantly expressed in the brain and endocrine tissues, where it modulates the release of neurotransmitters and hormones .

Recombinant human synaptotagmin IV is a laboratory-produced version of the protein, typically expressed in Escherichia coli (E. coli) to ensure high purity and yield . This recombinant protein is used in various research applications, including studies on synaptic transmission, neurodegenerative diseases, and hormone regulation .

The availability of recombinant human synaptotagmin IV allows researchers to investigate its role in synaptic plasticity and neurotransmitter release more precisely. By studying the interactions and functions of SYT4, scientists can gain insights into the molecular mechanisms underlying learning, memory, and various neurological disorders .