RANTES is an 8 kDa protein that is chemotactic for T cells, eosinophils, and basophils . It is known for its ability to recruit leukocytes to sites of inflammation, which is essential for the body’s defense mechanisms against infections and injuries . The protein achieves this by binding to specific receptors on the surface of target cells, such as CCR1, CCR3, and CCR5 .
RANTES is produced by various cell types, including T cells, macrophages, and platelets. Its expression is regulated by inflammatory cytokines and other signaling molecules. Upon activation, these cells secrete RANTES, which then participates in the recruitment of immune cells to the site of inflammation .
Recombinant RANTES, such as the rat recombinant version, is produced using genetic engineering techniques. This involves inserting the gene encoding RANTES into a suitable expression system, such as E. coli, to produce the protein in large quantities . Recombinant RANTES is used in research to study its role in immune responses and to develop potential therapeutic applications.
RANTES has been extensively studied for its role in various diseases, including autoimmune disorders, cancer, and infectious diseases. Its ability to attract and activate immune cells makes it a potential target for therapeutic interventions. For example, blocking RANTES activity could help reduce inflammation in autoimmune diseases, while enhancing its activity could boost immune responses against infections and tumors .