PRL R Rat
Prolactin Soluble Receptor Rat Recombinant
Cat. No.
BT29939
Source
Escherichia Coli.
Synonyms
PRL-R, Prolactin receptor, Lactogen receptor, Prlr.
Appearance
Sterile Filtered White lyophilized (freeze-dried) powder.
Purity
Greater than 97.0% as determined by:
(a) Analysis by SEC-HPLC.
(b) Analysis by SDS-PAGE.
(a) Analysis by SEC-HPLC.
(b) Analysis by SDS-PAGE.
Usage
THE BioTek's products are furnished for LABORATORY RESEARCH USE ONLY. The product may not be used as drugs, agricultural or pesticidal products, food additives or household chemicals.
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Description
Prolactin Receptor Rat Extra Celleular Domain Recombinant produced in E.Coli is a non-glycosylated, Polypeptide chain containing 206 amino acids and having a molecular mass of 24120 Dalton.
The Prolactin Receptor is purified by proprietary chromatographic techniques.
The Prolactin Receptor is purified by proprietary chromatographic techniques.
Product Specs
Introduction
Prolactin, a pituitary hormone, plays a crucial role in various physiological processes such as milk production, fluid balance regulation, growth, development, and reproduction. Its action is initiated by binding to a specific cell surface receptor known as the prolactin receptor, which belongs to the class 1 cytokine receptor superfamily. The prolactin receptor's function is mediated, in part, by two signaling pathways: Janus kinases and signal transducers and activators of transcription. Prolactin (PRL) is a hormone with diverse functions, including ion transport, osmoregulation, milk and protein synthesis stimulation, and the regulation of multiple reproductive processes. PRL exerts its effects on various cell types through a signaling cascade initiated by binding to its transmembrane receptor. The prolactin receptor, a member of the cytokine receptor family, exhibits size variations (short and long forms) depending on the tissue source and species, ranging from approximately 40 kDa to 100 kDa. This receptor comprises at least three distinct domains: an extracellular region containing five cysteines and the prolactin binding site, a single transmembrane domain, and a cytoplasmic region, the length of which influences ligand binding and cellular function.
Description
Recombinant Prolactin Receptor Rat Extracellular Domain, produced in E. coli, is a non-glycosylated polypeptide chain composed of 206 amino acids with a molecular weight of 24120 Daltons. The purification of Prolactin Receptor is achieved using proprietary chromatographic techniques.
Physical Appearance
White, sterile-filtered lyophilized powder.
Formulation
The protein was lyophilized from a concentrated solution (1 mg/ml) containing 0.0045 mM NaHCO3.
Solubility
To reconstitute the lyophilized PRL-R, it is recommended to dissolve it in sterile 18 MΩ-cm H2O at a concentration of at least 100 µg/ml. This solution can be further diluted in other aqueous solutions.
Stability
Lyophilized PRL-R remains stable at room temperature for up to 3 weeks; however, it is recommended to store it desiccated at temperatures below -18°C. Once reconstituted, Prolactin Receptor should be stored at 4°C for 2-7 days. For long-term storage, it is advisable to store it at -18°C. The addition of a carrier protein (0.1% HSA or BSA) is recommended for extended storage. Avoid repeated freeze-thaw cycles.
Purity
The purity is determined to be greater than 97.0% using the following methods: (a) Size Exclusion Chromatography - High Performance Liquid Chromatography (SEC-HPLC) analysis. (b) Sodium Dodecyl Sulfate Polyacrylamide Gel Electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE) analysis.
Biological Activity
The biological activity is assessed by the dose-dependent inhibition of Prolactin-stimulated proliferation in Nb2 cells and the high-affinity binding to ovine Prolactin Receptor (oPLR) and other lactogenic hormones.
Protein Content
Protein quantification was performed using two independent methods: 1. UV spectroscopy at 280 nm, utilizing an absorbance value of 2.48 as the extinction coefficient for a 0.1% (1 mg/ml) solution. This value is calculated using the PC GENE computer analysis program for protein sequences (IntelliGenetics). 2. Reverse Phase - High Performance Liquid Chromatography (RP-HPLC) analysis, employing a standard solution of PRLr-ECD as a reference standard.
Synonyms
PRL-R, Prolactin receptor, Lactogen receptor, Prlr.
Source
Escherichia Coli.
Amino Acid Sequence
The sequence of the first five N-terminal amino acids was determined and was found to be Gly-Lys-Pro-Glu-Ile.
Product Science Overview
Introduction
Prolactin (PRL) is a pituitary hormone that plays a crucial role in various physiological processes, including lactation, reproduction, and immune regulation. The prolactin receptor (PRLR) is a member of the cytokine receptor family and mediates the actions of prolactin. The soluble form of the prolactin receptor (sPRLR) is a truncated version of the membrane-bound receptor that can bind prolactin in the extracellular space, modulating its availability and activity.
Structure and Function
The prolactin receptor exists in multiple isoforms, including the long form (LF), short form (SF), and soluble form (sPRLR). The rat recombinant prolactin soluble receptor (rrPRL-R) is a non-glycosylated polypeptide chain containing 206 amino acids with a molecular mass of approximately 24,120 Daltons . The extracellular domain of the receptor is responsible for binding prolactin, which triggers downstream signaling pathways involved in cell proliferation, differentiation, and survival .
Biological Significance
Prolactin and its receptor are essential for various biological functions:
- Lactation: Prolactin stimulates milk production in the mammary glands.
- Reproduction: It plays a role in the regulation of reproductive functions, including luteal function and pregnancy maintenance.
- Immune Function: Prolactin modulates immune responses, influencing the activity of various immune cells.
- Growth and Development: It contributes to the growth and development of tissues, including the mammary glands and the liver .
Regulatory Mechanisms
The expression and activity of the prolactin receptor are tightly regulated at multiple levels:
- Transcriptional Control: The PRLR gene is regulated by various promoters, each directing the transcription of specific non-coding exons. This regulation allows for tissue-specific expression and responsiveness to hormonal signals .
- Alternative Splicing: The PRLR gene undergoes alternative splicing, resulting in different isoforms with distinct functions. The soluble form can inhibit the activity of the long form by forming heterodimers, thereby modulating prolactin signaling .
- Post-Translational Modifications: The receptor undergoes post-translational modifications, such as glycosylation, which can affect its stability and function .
Clinical Relevance
Dysregulation of prolactin and its receptor has been implicated in various clinical conditions:
- Breast Cancer: Elevated levels of prolactin and overexpression of PRLR are associated with breast cancer development and progression. The soluble receptor can act as a decoy, reducing the availability of prolactin for the membrane-bound receptor and potentially mitigating its proliferative effects .
- Infertility: Abnormal prolactin levels can lead to reproductive issues, including infertility and menstrual irregularities .
- Immune Disorders: Prolactin’s role in immune modulation suggests that dysregulation may contribute to autoimmune diseases and other immune-related conditions .
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