PLA2G2D Human
Greater than 95.0% as determined by SDS-PAGE.
Description
Product Specs
Product Science Overview
Secreted Phospholipase A2-IID (sPLA2-IID) is a member of the secreted phospholipase A2 (sPLA2) family, which consists of low molecular weight, calcium-dependent enzymes. These enzymes catalyze the hydrolysis of the sn-2 position of glycerophospholipids, yielding fatty acids and lysophospholipids . The sPLA2 family includes 11 isoforms in mammals, each exhibiting unique distributions and specific enzymatic properties .
sPLA2-IID plays a crucial role in various biological processes, including inflammation, atherosclerosis, and metabolic regulation . It is involved in the initial, rate-limiting step of arachidonate metabolism, leading to the production of bioactive lipid mediators such as prostaglandins and leukotrienes . These lipid mediators are essential for inflammatory responses and other physiological functions.
The enzymatic activity of sPLA2-IID involves the hydrolysis of phospholipids to release arachidonic acid, which is then metabolized to form several inflammatory and thrombogenic molecules . This process is critical for the regulation of inflammation and other immune responses. The enzyme’s activity is dependent on the presence of calcium ions and a conserved His-Asp catalytic dyad .
sPLA2-IID has been implicated in various pathological conditions, including obesity, hepatic steatosis, diabetes, insulin resistance, and adipose tissue inflammation . Studies using transgenic and knockout mouse models have provided insights into the distinct and unique roles of sPLA2 isoforms in these conditions . For instance, sPLA2-IID has been shown to promote inflammation by catalyzing the first step of the arachidonic acid pathway .
Recent advances in PLA2 research have highlighted the physiological functions of sPLA2 isoforms and their modes of action on extracellular phospholipid targets versus lipid mediator production . The use of lipidomics and specific inhibitors has further clarified the roles of different sPLA2 isoforms in various pathophysiological conditions . Human recombinant sPLA2-IID is used in research to study its biological functions and potential therapeutic applications.
