MOG Human

MOG was discovered approximately 30 years ago and has since become one of the most studied autoantigens in experimental autoimmune models for multiple sclerosis (MS) . The protein is encoded by the MOG gene in humans and is speculated to serve as an adhesion molecule, providing structural integrity to the myelin sheath . MOG is expressed late in the development of oligodendrocytes, making it an important marker for oligodendrocyte maturation .

MOG is a potential target for cellular and humoral immune responses in inflammatory demyelinating diseases . Studies have shown that MOG antibodies can be found in a subset of patients with conditions such as acute disseminated encephalomyelitis (ADEM), neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorders (NMOSD), isolated optic neuritis (ON), transverse myelitis, atypical MS, and N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor-encephalitis with overlapping demyelinating syndromes . The presence of MOG antibodies is characterized by MS-typical demyelination and oligodendrocyte pathology associated with antibodies and complement .

Recombinant human MOG (rhMOG) is produced for research purposes, particularly in studies involving experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE), a model for CNS autoimmune demyelinating diseases . The production of rhMOG has been challenging due to its insolubility when overexpressed in bacterial cells. However, recent advancements have led to the development of protocols for high-yield production of soluble rhMOG in SHuffle cells, a commercially available E. coli strain engineered to facilitate disulfide bond formation in the cytoplasm . This method simplifies rhMOG production and enables further investigation of B cell-dependent EAE and human research of MOG in CNS demyelinating diseases .

The clinical relevance of MOG antibodies has been a topic of debate. While MOG antibodies are transiently observed in monophasic diseases such as ADEM and their decline is associated with a favorable outcome, they are persistent in multiphasic ADEM, NMOSD, recurrent ON, or myelitis . The distinct clinical features within these diseases have led to discussions on whether MOG antibody-positive cases should be classified as a new disease entity .

In conclusion, Myelin Oligodendrocyte Glycoprotein (Human Recombinant) is a significant protein in the study of CNS autoimmune demyelinating diseases. Its role as a target for immune responses and its clinical relevance in various conditions make it a crucial area of research.