M CSF Human, His

M-CSF is a homodimeric glycoprotein growth factor that exerts its biological effects by signaling through a receptor tyrosine kinase known as CSF-1R or M-CSF-R, which is encoded by the c-fms proto-oncogene . The stimulation of CSF-1R upon binding to M-CSF activates several signaling pathways, including MAPK, PI3K, and PLCγ . These pathways are essential for the development and function of mononuclear phagocytic cell lineages, including monocytes, macrophages, and osteoclasts .

M-CSF is involved in various physiological processes, such as:

• Regulation of Inflammatory Responses: M-CSF works in conjunction with other stimuli like IFN-γ, LPS, and IL-4 to regulate inflammatory responses .
• Bone Resorption: It is required for bone resorption by osteoclasts .
• Development and Regulation of Tissues: M-CSF plays a role in the development and regulation of the placenta, mammary gland, and brain .
• Immunological Defense: It is crucial for immunological defense mechanisms .
• Fertility and Pregnancy: M-CSF has been shown to play important roles in fertility and pregnancy .

Recombinant human M-CSF is produced using E. coli expression systems and is often tagged with a His tag to facilitate purification . This recombinant protein is used extensively in research to study the differentiation of macrophages from peripheral blood monocytes, the differentiation of osteoclasts from CD14+ monocytes, and in various cell culture and functional assays .

Recombinant M-CSF can be used for a variety of applications, including:

• Survival Studies and Apoptosis Assays: For example, using peripheral blood monocytes .
• Differentiation Studies: Differentiation of macrophages and osteoclasts .
• Functional Assays: To study the biological activity and signaling pathways involved in M-CSF-mediated processes .