IL34 Human, His

IL-34 is a homodimeric glycoprotein consisting of 460 amino acid residues, including a C-terminal His-Tag . The recombinant form of IL-34 is typically produced in HEK293 cells and has a molecular weight of approximately 52.5 kDa . This protein is expressed in a variety of tissues, including the spleen, heart, brain, liver, kidney, lung, ovary, thymus, testis, small intestine, prostate, and colon .

IL-34 interacts with the macrophage colony-stimulating factor (M-CSF) receptor, also known as CSF-1R or CD115, which is shared with M-CSF . Despite having no amino acid sequence homology to M-CSF, IL-34 exhibits similarities in secondary structure and shares overlapping functions . It triggers tyrosine phosphorylation of the receptor and activates the ERK1/2 pathways . IL-34 has been shown to promote myeloid survival, proliferation, and differentiation, and to play a role in osteoclast formation .

IL-34 expression is decreased in conditions such as Alzheimer’s disease and atopic dermatitis, while high levels of IL-34 are found in various types of cancer, chronic heart failure, coronary artery disease, inflammatory bowel disease, influenza A infection, acute liver transplant rejection, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, and rheumatoid arthritis . Due to its involvement in these conditions, IL-34 is considered a potential pharmacological target for treating bone or inflammatory diseases .

The recombinant form of IL-34 with a His-Tag is used in research to study its biological activity and potential therapeutic applications. The His-Tag facilitates the purification process, allowing for the isolation of highly pure IL-34 protein . This recombinant protein is often used in functional assays to induce the secretion of MCP-1 from peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) .