IGFBP 1 Human

Insulin-Like Growth Factor Binding Protein-1 (IGFBP-1) is a member of the insulin-like growth factor binding protein family, which plays a crucial role in modulating the activity of insulin-like growth factors (IGFs). IGFBP-1 is a secreted protein that binds to IGFs with high affinity, thereby regulating their bioavailability and function. The recombinant form of IGFBP-1 is produced using recombinant DNA technology, which allows for the production of large quantities of the protein for research and therapeutic purposes.

IGFBP-1 is a protein consisting of approximately 234 amino acids and has a molecular weight of around 25 kDa. It contains three distinct domains: the N-terminal domain, the central linker domain, and the C-terminal domain. The N-terminal and C-terminal domains are rich in cysteine residues, which form disulfide bonds that stabilize the protein’s structure. The central linker domain is less conserved and provides flexibility to the protein.

The primary function of IGFBP-1 is to bind IGFs, particularly IGF-1 and IGF-2, with high affinity. This binding regulates the interaction of IGFs with their receptors, thereby modulating their biological effects. IGFBP-1 can either inhibit or enhance the actions of IGFs, depending on the context. For example, IGFBP-1 can inhibit IGF-mediated cell proliferation by preventing IGFs from binding to their receptors. Conversely, it can also enhance IGF activity by protecting IGFs from degradation and extending their half-life in circulation .

IGFBP-1 plays a significant role in various physiological processes, including growth, metabolism, and reproduction. It is primarily produced in the liver and its expression is regulated by several factors, including insulin, glucocorticoids, and cytokines. The levels of IGFBP-1 in the blood can vary significantly depending on nutritional status, with higher levels observed during fasting and lower levels during feeding.

In addition to its role in regulating IGF activity, IGFBP-1 has IGF-independent functions. It can interact with other cell surface receptors and extracellular matrix components, influencing cell adhesion, migration, and survival. These IGF-independent actions of IGFBP-1 are particularly important in pathological conditions such as cancer, where IGFBP-1 can affect tumor growth and metastasis .

The measurement of IGFBP-1 levels in the blood can provide valuable information about an individual’s metabolic and nutritional status. Elevated levels of IGFBP-1 are associated with conditions such as insulin resistance, type 2 diabetes, and cardiovascular diseases. Conversely, low levels of IGFBP-1 are observed in conditions characterized by hyperinsulinemia, such as obesity and polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS).

Recombinant IGFBP-1 is used in research to study its biological functions and potential therapeutic applications. It is also being investigated as a biomarker for various diseases and as a potential therapeutic agent for conditions such as cancer and metabolic disorders .