HK1/2/3 Antibody
Hexokinase-3, EC 2.7.1.1, Hexokinase type III, HK III, HXK3, HK3.
Description
Product Specs
Hexokinase-3, EC 2.7.1.1, Hexokinase type III, HK III, HXK3, HK3.
HK1/2/3 antibody was purified from mouse ascitic fluids by protein-A affinity chromatography.
PAT4C12AT.
Anti-human HK1/2/3mAb, is derived from hybridization of mouse F0 myeloma cells with spleen cells from BALB/c mice immunized with recombinant human HK1/2/3amino acids 1-923 purified from E. coli.
Mouse IgG1 heavy chain and κ light chain.
Product Science Overview
Hexokinases are a family of enzymes that play a crucial role in glucose metabolism by catalyzing the phosphorylation of glucose to produce glucose-6-phosphate (G6P). This is the first step in most glucose metabolism pathways. There are four main isoforms of hexokinase in mammalian cells: Hexokinase-1 (HK1), Hexokinase-2 (HK2), Hexokinase-3 (HK3), and Hexokinase-4 (HK4, also known as glucokinase).
Hexokinase-1 (HK1) is encoded by the HK1 gene located on chromosome 10 in humans. It is a ubiquitous form of hexokinase that localizes to the outer membrane of mitochondria. HK1 is involved in the regulation of glucose metabolism and is essential for maintaining cellular energy homeostasis. Mutations in the HK1 gene have been associated with hemolytic anemia due to hexokinase deficiency . HK1 is also implicated in various diseases, including Alzheimer’s disease, where a reduction in HK1 levels in astrocytes has been observed .
Hexokinase-2 (HK2) is encoded by the HK2 gene on chromosome 2 in humans. It is the predominant form of hexokinase found in skeletal muscle and is also localized to the outer membrane of mitochondria. HK2 is insulin-responsive and plays a significant role in the increased rate of glycolysis observed in rapidly growing cancer cells . HK2 is highly expressed in many malignant tumors and is associated with poor prognosis in glioma patients . It is also involved in various biological processes, including cellular glucose homeostasis, regulation of mitochondrial membrane permeability, and response to hypoxia .
Hexokinase-3 (HK3) is encoded by the HK3 gene on chromosome 5 in humans. Unlike HK1 and HK2, HK3 does not bind to mitochondria. It is involved in glucose phosphorylation and plays a role in cellular protection against oxidative stress by increasing ATP levels, reducing reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, and preserving mitochondrial membrane potential . HK3 is also associated with poor prognosis in glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) and is correlated with immune response and drug resistance .
Mouse anti-human hexokinase antibodies are monoclonal antibodies derived from hybridoma cells produced by the fusion of mouse myeloma cells with spleen cells from immunized mice. These antibodies are highly specific and are used in various research applications, including Western blotting, immunohistochemistry, and flow cytometry.
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Hexokinase-1 Antibodies: Mouse anti-human HK1 antibodies are used to detect HK1 in human tissues and cells. They are valuable tools for studying the role of HK1 in glucose metabolism and its involvement in diseases such as Alzheimer’s disease .
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Hexokinase-2 Antibodies: Mouse anti-human HK2 antibodies are used to detect HK2 in human tissues and cells. These antibodies are particularly useful in cancer research, as HK2 is highly expressed in many tumors and is associated with poor prognosis .
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Hexokinase-3 Antibodies: Mouse anti-human HK3 antibodies are used to detect HK3 in human tissues and cells. They are important for studying the role of HK3 in cellular protection against oxidative stress and its involvement in diseases such as glioblastoma multiforme .
