HIV-1 gp41 antibody
HIV-1 gp41, Mouse antibody
Cat. No.
BT7422
Source
Synonyms
Appearance
Purity
Usage
Prospec's products are furnished for LABORATORY RESEARCH USE ONLY. The product may not be used as drugs, agricultural or pesticidal products, food additives or household chemicals.
Shipped with Ice Packs 
In Stock 
Description
Product Specs
Introduction
The human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) is a type of virus known as a retrovirus. It weakens the immune system, making individuals susceptible to infections and illnesses. HIV attacks specific immune cells, particularly a type called CD4+ T cells, which are crucial for a healthy immune response. The virus can lead to a decline in CD4+ T cells through various mechanisms, including direct cell death, increased self-destruction of infected cells, and elimination of infected cells by other immune cells. As CD4+ T cell numbers decrease, the immune system weakens, increasing the risk of opportunistic infections. HIV is categorized as a lentivirus, which belongs to the retrovirus family. Lentiviruses share common characteristics and often cause long-term illnesses with extended periods before symptoms appear. HIV spreads through bodily fluids as a single-stranded RNA virus enclosed in an envelope. When HIV enters a host cell, its RNA is converted into DNA by an enzyme called reverse transcriptase. This viral DNA integrates into the host cell's DNA using another viral enzyme called integrase. Once integrated, the virus can either remain dormant or activate to produce more viruses, spreading the infection.
Formulation
The antibody is provided as a solution with a concentration of 1 milligram per milliliter in phosphate-buffered saline (PBS) after reconstitution.
Shipping Conditions
The antibody is shipped in a lyophilized (freeze-dried) form at ambient temperature.
Storage Procedures
For long-term storage in its lyophilized state, keep the antibody at 4 degrees Celsius in a dry environment. After reconstitution, if not used within one month, aliquot the antibody and store it at -20 degrees Celsius.
Solubility
To reconstitute the antibody, add sterile water (H2O) to the vial. Mix gently by swirling, ensure the solution reaches the sides of the vial, and wait for 30-60 seconds before use.
Titer
When tested using a direct ELISA (enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay) against the recombinant HIV-1 gp41 protein, a dilution of 1:10,000 of the antibody produces an optical density (O.D.) of 0.27. This test uses an alkaline phosphatase-conjugated rabbit anti-mouse immunoglobulin (Ig) from Jackson Laboratories.
Purification Method
Ion exchange column.
Type
Mouse antibody Monoclonal.
Clone
NYRHIV1gp41.
Immunogen
r.gp41.
Ig Subclass
mouse IgG1.
Product Science Overview
HIV-1 gp41
HIV-1 gp41 is a transmembrane glycoprotein that plays a crucial role in the fusion of the HIV-1 virus with host cells. It is a subunit of the envelope protein complex of the virus, which also includes gp120. Together, gp41 and gp120 form the envelope spike complex, which is essential for the virus’s ability to infect host cells .
Structure and Function:
- Gp41 is coded along with gp120 as a single precursor protein, gp160, by the env gene of HIV. This precursor is then glycosylated and cleaved by a host protease called furin .
- The gp41 protein has three main regions: the ectodomain, the transmembrane domain, and the cytoplasmic domain . The ectodomain contains the fusion peptide region, the helical N-terminal heptad repeat (NHR), and the C-terminal heptad repeat (CHR) .
- The fusion peptide region is critical for the fusion of the viral envelope with the host cell membrane . This process is initiated when gp120 binds to the CD4 receptor and a co-receptor (CCR5 or CXCR4) on the host cell .
- Gp41 undergoes significant conformational changes during the fusion process, forming a six-helix bundle that brings the viral and cellular membranes into close proximity, facilitating their fusion .
Importance in HIV Research:
Mouse Antibody
Mouse antibodies are antibodies derived from mice and are commonly used in research and therapeutic applications. These antibodies are produced by immunizing mice with an antigen, which stimulates the production of specific antibodies against that antigen .
Types and Uses:
- There are five antibody isotypes in mice: IgA, IgD, IgE, IgG, and IgM . Each isotype has a different heavy chain and plays a distinct role in the immune response.
- Mouse antibodies are used extensively in preclinical studies to understand biological mechanisms and evaluate therapeutic targets . They are particularly valuable in cancer research, immunology, and infectious disease studies.
Human Anti-Mouse Antibody (HAMA) Response:
- One challenge with using mouse antibodies in humans is the potential for a HAMA response. This occurs when the human immune system recognizes the mouse antibodies as foreign and mounts an immune response against them . This can reduce the effectiveness of the treatment and cause adverse reactions.
- To mitigate this issue, researchers have developed methods to humanize mouse antibodies, reducing their immunogenicity while retaining their specificity and efficacy .
HIV-1 gp41 and Mouse Antibody in Research
In the context of HIV-1 research, mouse antibodies targeting gp41 are valuable tools for studying the mechanisms of viral entry and for developing potential therapeutic interventions. These antibodies can be used to:
- Neutralize the virus: By binding to gp41, mouse antibodies can prevent the conformational changes required for membrane fusion, thereby inhibiting viral entry .
- Study immune responses: Mouse antibodies can help researchers understand how the immune system recognizes and responds to gp41, providing insights into vaccine development .
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