Introduction
Cardiotrophin 1 (CT-1), a member of the interleukin-6 superfamily, is a protein composed of 201 amino acids. It was discovered due to its ability to stimulate a hypertrophic response in cardiac muscle cells. CT-1 mRNA has been identified in both cardiac muscle cells and non-muscle cells within the heart. Additionally, CT-1 is found in significant amounts in healthy adult lung tissue and is expressed in both fetal and adult airway smooth muscle cells. CT-1 activates signaling pathways dependent on gp130, including the Janus kinase/signal transducers and activators of transcription (JAK/STAT) pathway, to transmit signals promoting cell survival and hypertrophy in heart muscle cells. Furthermore, CT-1 exhibits neurotrophic properties. A deficiency in CTF1 leads to increased death of motor neurons in the spinal cord and brainstem nuclei of mice during a specific developmental stage. In addition to its roles in the heart and nervous system, CT-1 acts as a survival factor for liver cells, effectively mitigating cell damage in animal models of acute liver injury. The expression of Cardiotrophin 1 is enhanced under conditions of low oxygen (hypoxia), and it can safeguard heart cells when administered either before or after simulated ischemia. CT-1 can also induce the expression of heat shock proteins (hsps) in heart cells, which play a protective role against cellular stress. Cardiotrophin-1 has been shown to elevate the expression of ANP, brain natriuretic peptide (BNP), and angiotensinogen mRNA in the ventricles of the heart. Clinically, elevated levels of Cardiophin 1 have been observed in patients with various cardiac conditions, including heart failure, dilated cardiomyopathy, mitral regurgitation, angina, and following a heart attack.
Description
Recombinant CTF1 Mouse, produced in E. coli, is a single, non-glycosylated polypeptide chain consisting of 202 amino acids. It has a molecular weight of 21.3 kDa. The purification of CTF1 Mouse is achieved using proprietary chromatographic methods.
Physical Appearance
Sterile Filtered White lyophilized powder.
Formulation
Lyophilized from a 0.2 µm filtered concentrated solution in PBS with a pH of 7.4.
Solubility
To reconstitute the lyophilized CTF1, it is recommended to dissolve it in sterile 4mM HCl to achieve a concentration ranging from 0.1 to 0.5 mg/ml. Once reconstituted, it is advisable to divide the stock solution into smaller working aliquots and store them at a temperature of -20 degrees Celsius or lower. Subsequent dilutions should be prepared using appropriate buffered solutions.
Stability
Lyophilized CTF1, while stable at room temperature for a duration of 3 weeks, should ideally be stored in a dry state at a temperature below -18 degrees Celsius. Once reconstituted, CTF1 can be stored at 4 degrees Celsius for a period of 2 to 7 days. For long-term storage, it is recommended to store it at a temperature below -18 degrees Celsius. Avoid repeated freeze-thaw cycles.
Purity
The purity is determined to be greater than 98.0% based on SDS-PAGE analysis.
Biological Activity
The ED50, determined by measuring the dose-dependent proliferation of TF-1 cells, was found to be less than 1.0 ng/ml. This corresponds to a specific activity greater than 1,000,000 units/mg.
Synonyms
CTF1, CT1, CT-1, Cardiophin 1.
Amino Acid Sequence
SQREGSLEDH QTDSSISFLP HLEAKIRQTH NLARLLTKYA EQLLEEYVQQ QGEPFGLPGF SPPRLPLAGL SGPAPSHAGL PVSERLRQDA AALSVLPALL DAVRRRQAEL NPRAPRLLRS LEDAARQVRA LGAAVETVLA ALGAAARGPG PEPVTVATLF TANSTAGIFS AKVLGFHVCG LYGEWVSRTE GDLGQLVPGG VA
