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Product List
F9 Human
Coagulation Factor IX Human
Human Factor-IX produced from fresh frozen human plasma is a glycosylated polypeptide chain having a molecular mass of 56 kDa.
Shipped with Ice Packs 
Cat. No.
BT29361
Source
Human Plasma.
Appearance
Sterile Filtered White lyophilized (freeze-dried) powder.
PCC
Prothrombin Complex
Prothrombin complex is a double virus–inactivated concentrate, containing equal concentrations of Factors II, VIII, IX, X and Heparin.
Shipped with Ice Packs
Cat. No.
BT29419
Source
Appearance
Sterile Filtered White lyophilized (freeze-dried) powder.
Shipped with Ice Packs
Cat. No.
BT29502
Source
Bovine Plasma.
Appearance
Sterile Filtered White lyophilized (freeze-dried) powder.
Shipped with Ice Packs
Cat. No.
BT29587
Source
Bovine Lung.
Appearance
Sterile Filtered White lyophilized (freeze-dried) powder.
Introduction
Definition and Classification
Natural coagulation factors are proteins in the blood plasma that play a crucial role in the process of blood clotting (coagulation). They are essential for preventing excessive bleeding when blood vessels are injured. Coagulation factors are classified into several groups based on their function and structure:
- Proenzymes (Zymogens): Inactive precursors that are converted into active enzymes during the coagulation process (e.g., Factor II, VII, IX, X).
- Cofactors: Non-enzymatic proteins that assist in the activation of proenzymes (e.g., Factor V, VIII).
- Regulatory Proteins: Proteins that regulate the coagulation process to prevent excessive clotting (e.g., Protein C, Protein S).
Biological Properties
- Key Biological Properties: Coagulation factors are glycoproteins that circulate in the blood in an inactive form. They are activated in a specific sequence known as the coagulation cascade.
- Expression Patterns: Most coagulation factors are synthesized in the liver, with the exception of Factor VIII, which is produced in endothelial cells.
- Tissue Distribution: Coagulation factors are primarily found in the blood plasma but can also be present in other tissues where they play a role in local hemostasis.
Biological Functions
- Primary Biological Functions: The primary function of coagulation factors is to form a stable blood clot at the site of vascular injury. This involves the conversion of fibrinogen to fibrin, which forms the structural basis of the clot.
- Role in Immune Responses: Coagulation factors also play a role in the immune response by trapping pathogens in the clot and facilitating their clearance by immune cells.
- Pathogen Recognition: Some coagulation factors can directly recognize and bind to pathogens, enhancing their removal from the bloodstream.
Modes of Action
- Mechanisms with Other Molecules and Cells: Coagulation factors interact with various molecules and cells, including platelets, endothelial cells, and other plasma proteins, to propagate the coagulation cascade.
- Binding Partners: Key binding partners include calcium ions (which are essential for the activation of several coagulation factors) and phospholipid surfaces provided by activated platelets.
- Downstream Signaling Cascades: The activation of coagulation factors leads to a series of proteolytic cleavages that ultimately result in the formation of a fibrin clot. This cascade is tightly regulated to ensure a balanced response.
Regulatory Mechanisms
- Regulatory Mechanisms: The expression and activity of coagulation factors are regulated at multiple levels, including transcriptional regulation and post-translational modifications.
- Transcriptional Regulation: The synthesis of coagulation factors is controlled by various transcription factors and signaling pathways that respond to physiological and pathological stimuli.
- Post-Translational Modifications: Coagulation factors undergo several post-translational modifications, such as glycosylation and gamma-carboxylation, which are essential for their proper function.
Applications
- Biomedical Research: Coagulation factors are studied extensively in biomedical research to understand their role in hemostasis and thrombosis.
- Diagnostic Tools: Assays that measure the activity of coagulation factors are used in the diagnosis of bleeding disorders and thrombotic conditions.
- Therapeutic Strategies: Recombinant coagulation factors are used as therapeutic agents to treat patients with hemophilia and other bleeding disorders.
Role in the Life Cycle
- Role Throughout the Life Cycle: Coagulation factors play a critical role throughout the life cycle, from development to aging. During development, they are essential for proper vascular formation and function. In aging, changes in coagulation factor levels can contribute to an increased risk of thrombotic diseases.
- Development to Aging and Disease: Dysregulation of coagulation factors can lead to various diseases, including hemophilia (deficiency of specific coagulation factors) and thrombosis (excessive clot formation).
