CD86 Antibody, FITC

Cluster of Differentiation 86 (CD86), also known as B7-2, is a protein that plays a crucial role in the immune system. It is a member of the immunoglobulin superfamily and is constitutively expressed on antigen-presenting cells (APCs) such as dendritic cells, Langerhans cells, macrophages, and B-cells, including memory B-cells . CD86 is a 70 kDa glycoprotein composed of 329 amino acids .

CD86, along with CD80, provides essential costimulatory signals necessary for T cell activation and survival. These signals are crucial for the adaptive immune response, as they help in the activation and proliferation of T cells . CD86 binds to two proteins on the surface of T cells: CD28 and cytotoxic T-lymphocyte-associated protein 4 (CTLA-4). Binding to CD28 provides a costimulatory signal for T cell activation, while binding to CTLA-4 negatively regulates T cell activation and diminishes the immune response .

Rat anti-Mouse antibodies are secondary antibodies that are generated by immunizing rats with mouse immunoglobulins. These antibodies are affinity-purified and have well-characterized specificity for mouse immunoglobulins. They are commonly used in various applications such as detection, sorting, or purification of mouse immunoglobulins . Secondary antibodies offer increased versatility and sensitivity through signal amplification, as multiple secondary antibodies can bind to a single primary antibody .

Fluorescein isothiocyanate (FITC) is a fluorescent dye commonly used to label proteins, antibodies, peptides, and other amine-containing molecules. FITC labeling involves conjugating FITC to a biomolecule through its isothiocyanate group, which reacts with primary amines on the target molecule . FITC has excitation and emission wavelengths of 494 nm and 518 nm, respectively, giving it a green color . FITC-labeled antibodies are widely used in various applications, including flow cytometry, immunocytochemistry, and detection of receptors on the surface of target cells .

The combination of CD86, Rat Anti-Mouse, FITC refers to a specific antibody that targets the CD86 protein in mice, is produced in rats, and is conjugated with FITC for fluorescent detection. This antibody is used in various immunological assays to study the expression and function of CD86 in mouse models. The FITC conjugation allows for easy detection and quantification of CD86 expression using fluorescence-based techniques such as flow cytometry and immunofluorescence microscopy .