Y.Enterocolitica (O:8) YopM

Yersinia enterocolitica is a Gram-negative, bacillus-shaped bacterium belonging to the Enterobacteriaceae family. It is motile at temperatures between 22-29°C but becomes non-motile at normal human body temperature . This bacterium is responsible for causing yersiniosis, an animal-borne disease that affects humans and various animals such as cattle, deer, pigs, and birds .

Y. enterocolitica is a heterogeneous group of strains classified by bio-typing into six bio-groups based on phenotypic characteristics and by serotyping into more than 57 “O” serogroups based on their O (lipopolysaccharide or LPS) surface antigen . Among these, serogroups O:3, O:5,27, O:8, and O:9 are most frequently isolated from human samples . Specifically, serogroup O:8 is predominantly detected in the United States .

Yersinia outer protein M (YopM) is a crucial immunosuppressive effector protein produced by pathogenic Yersinia species, including Y. enterocolitica . YopM enters the nucleus of host cells and interacts with various cellular components to modulate immune responses .

Recombinant Yersinia Enterocolitica (O:8) YopM is produced in Escherichia coli (E. coli) as a non-glycosylated polypeptide chain with a calculated molecular mass of 60,898 Daltons . It is expressed with a 10xHis tag at the N-terminus and purified using proprietary chromatographic techniques . The recombinant protein is supplied in a sterile filtered clear solution containing 20mM HEPES buffer (pH 7.6), 250mM NaCl, and 20% glycerol .

YopM has several immunological functions, including:

1. Binding to IgG, IgM, and IgA-type human antibodies .
2. Increasing the level of Interleukin-10 (IL-10) mRNA in infected primary human macrophages .
3. Controlling the phosphorylation of Ribosomal S6 Kinase 1 (RSK1) in the nucleus, which regulates the transcription of immunosuppressive cytokines .

The recombinant YopM protein should be stored at 4°C if used within 2-4 weeks or frozen at -20°C for longer periods . It is important to avoid multiple freeze-thaw cycles to maintain its stability .