Thymosin beta 4
Thymosin β4
Cat. No.
BT20511
Source
Synonyms
Thymosin beta-4, T beta 4, Fx , TB4X, PTMB4, TMSB4.
Appearance
Sterile Filtered White lyophilized (freeze-dried) powder.
Purity
Greater than 98.0% as determined by RP-HPLC.
Usage
Prospec's products are furnished for LABORATORY RESEARCH USE ONLY. The product may not be used as drugs, agricultural or pesticidal products, food additives or household chemicals.
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Description
Thymosin b4 is a 43 amino acid peptide which is regarded as the main intracellular G-actin sequestering peptide. It has a molecular weight of 4963.55 Da, and its molecular formula is: C212H350N56O78S1. Extracellular Thymosin b4 may contribute to physiological processes such as angiogenesis, wound healing, and regulation of inflammation.
Product Specs
Introduction
Thymosin is a hormone produced by the thymus gland, primarily responsible for stimulating the production of T cells, essential components of the immune system. Thymosin also aids in the development of B cells into plasma cells, which produce antibodies. Thymosin beta 4, the most common form of thymosin, belongs to a family of proteins that regulate actin, a protein crucial for cell structure and movement. Beta-thymosins are essential for maintaining a pool of readily available actin monomers within cells, enabling rapid cell structural changes and movement.
Description
Thymosin beta 4, a peptide composed of 43 amino acids, acts as the primary intracellular regulator of G-actin, a building block of cellular structures. With a molecular weight of 4963.55 Da and a molecular formula of C212H350N56O78S1, it plays a role in various physiological processes outside the cell, including the formation of new blood vessels (angiogenesis), wound repair, and the control of inflammation.
Physical Appearance
White powder, sterile-filtered and freeze-dried.
Formulation
The protein was freeze-dried at a concentration of 1 mg/ml without the addition of any other substances.
Solubility
To reconstitute the freeze-dried Thymosin beta-4, it is recommended to dissolve it in sterile 18MΩ-cm H2O at a concentration of at least 100 µg/ml. This solution can then be further diluted with other aqueous solutions as needed.
Stability
While the freeze-dried Thymosin b4 remains stable for up to 3 weeks at room temperature, it should be stored in a dry environment below -18°C for long-term preservation. After reconstitution, Thymosin b4 should be stored at 4°C for 2-7 days or frozen below -18°C for longer storage. Adding a carrier protein like HSA or BSA (0.1%) is recommended for extended storage. Avoid repeated freezing and thawing.
Purity
The purity of the product is greater than 98.0% as determined by reverse-phase high-performance liquid chromatography (RP-HPLC).
Synonyms
Thymosin beta-4, T beta 4, Fx , TB4X, PTMB4, TMSB4.
Amino Acid Sequence
Thymosin b4 has an a.a. sequence of Ac-Ser-Asp-Lys-Pro-Asp-Met-Ala-Glu-Ile-Glu-Lys-Phe-Asp-Lys-Ser-Lys-Leu-Lys-Lys-Thr-Glu-Thr-Gln-Glu-Lys-Asn-Pro-Leu-Pro-Ser-Lys-Glu-Thr-Ile-Glu-Gln-Glu-Lys-Gln-Ala-Gly-Glu-Ser-OH.
Product Science Overview
Discovery and Structure
Thymosin β4 was first isolated from the thymus gland, which is responsible for regulating the immune system and tissue repair . It was the second biologically active peptide from Thymosin Fraction 5 to be completely sequenced and synthesized, following Thymosin α1 . The peptide is highly conserved across species, indicating its essential role in biological functions .
Biological Functions
Thymosin β4 is a major cellular constituent in many tissues, with intracellular concentrations reaching as high as 0.5 mM . It is involved in several critical biological processes, including:
- Actin Sequestration: Tβ4 binds to G-actin (globular actin), preventing its polymerization into F-actin (filamentous actin). This regulation of actin polymerization is vital for maintaining cell structure and motility .
- Cell Proliferation and Migration: Tβ4 promotes cell proliferation, migration, and differentiation, making it essential for wound healing and tissue regeneration .
- Angiogenesis: It promotes the formation of new blood vessels (angiogenesis) by enhancing endothelial cell migration and adhesion .
- Inflammation and Immune Response: Tβ4 has anti-inflammatory properties, reducing the levels of inflammatory chemokines and cytokines. It also plays a role in regulating the immune response .
Clinical Significance
Thymosin β4 has shown potential therapeutic benefits in various medical conditions due to its wide range of biological activities. Some of its clinical applications include:
- Wound Healing: Tβ4 accelerates wound healing and reduces inflammation and scarring. It has been studied in dermal, corneal, and cardiac wound healing .
- Cardioprotection: Tβ4 has been found to protect cardiac tissue from damage and promote repair after myocardial infarction (heart attack) .
- Neuroprotection: It protects neurons from cytotoxic damage, including glutamate-induced neuronal toxicity .
Research and Future Directions
Ongoing research continues to explore the full potential of Thymosin β4 in various therapeutic applications. Multicenter clinical trials are being conducted to evaluate its efficacy in wound healing, tissue regeneration, and other medical conditions . The peptide’s ability to modulate actin dynamics and its anti-inflammatory properties make it a promising candidate for future drug development.
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