Thymosin α1

Thymosin a1 Acetate
Cat. No.
BT20592
Source
Synonyms
Appearance
Sterile Filtered White lyophilized (freeze-dried) powder.
Purity
Greater than 99.0% as determined by:
(a) Analysis by RP-HPLC.
(b) Analysis by SDS-PAGE.
Usage
Prospec's products are furnished for LABORATORY RESEARCH USE ONLY. The product may not be used as drugs, agricultural or pesticidal products, food additives or household chemicals.
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Description

Thymosin a1 acetate, also known as thymalfasin has immunoregulatory properties enhancing immune functions. Thymosin a1 has a molecular formula of C129H215N33O55 a.a. sequence of Ac-Ser-Asp-Ala-Ala-Val-Asp-Thr-Ser-Ser-Glu-Ile-Thr-Thr-Lys-Asp-Leu-Lys-Glu-Lys-Lys-Glu-Val-Val-Glu-Glu-Ala-Glu-Asn-OH and having a Mw of 3108.32 Dalton.

Product Specs

Introduction
Thymalfasin, a synthetic version of thymosin-alpha-1, is a 28-amino acid protein originating from the prothymosin-alpha protein. Known for its various immune-regulating effects, thymosin-alpha-1 promotes the maturation of murine T-cell precursors, human thymocytes, and underdeveloped cord blood lymphocytes. It also stimulates the production of IL-2, high-affinity IL-2 receptors, and B-cell growth factors by peripheral blood mononuclear cells. Thymosin's activity targets both T-helper and cytotoxic/suppressor T-cell groups. Furthermore, studies indicate that thymosin-alpha-1 enhances the effectiveness of antigen presentation by macrophages and acts as a natural regulator of alpha-thrombin activity.
Description
Thymosin α1 acetate, also called thymalfasin, possesses immune-boosting qualities that enhance the body's defense mechanisms. This protein boasts a molecular formula of C129H215N33O55, an amino acid sequence of Ac-Ser-Asp-Ala-Ala-Val-Asp-Thr-Ser-Ser-Glu-Ile-Thr-Thr-Lys-Asp-Leu-Lys-Glu-Lys-Lys-Glu-Val-Val-Glu-Glu-Ala-Glu-Asn-OH, and a molecular weight of 3108.32 Daltons.
Physical Appearance
The product appears as a sterile, white powder obtained through a freeze-drying process.
Formulation
The protein, at a concentration of 1mg/ml, underwent a freeze-drying process without any additional ingredients.
Solubility
For reconstitution, dissolve the lyophilized Thymosin α1 in sterile 18MΩ-cm H2O at a minimum concentration of 100 µg/ml. This solution can be further diluted using other aqueous solutions.
Stability
While the lyophilized Thymosin α1 remains stable at room temperature for up to 3 weeks, it is best stored in a dry environment below -18°C. After reconstitution, keep Thymalfasin refrigerated at 4°C for a maximum of 2 to 7 days. For extended storage, freeze the solution below -18°C. It's crucial to avoid repeated freezing and thawing cycles. To further enhance long-term storage, consider adding a carrier protein such as 0.1% HSA or BSA.
Purity
The purity exceeds 99.0%, as confirmed by the following analyses: (a) Reverse-Phase High-Performance Liquid Chromatography (RP-HPLC) and (b) Sodium Dodecyl Sulfate-Polyacrylamide Gel Electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE).

Product Science Overview

Discovery and Structure

Thymosin α1 was first isolated from thymosin fraction 5, a preparation derived from the thymus gland. It was the first peptide from this fraction to be completely sequenced and synthesized . The amino acid sequence of Thymosin α1 is as follows: Ac-Ser-Asp-Ala-Ala-Val-Asp-Thr-Ser-Ser-Glu-Ile-Thr-Thr-Lys-Asp-Leu-Lys-Glu-Lys-Lys-Glu-Val-Val-Glu-Glu-Ala-Glu-Asn-OH .

Biological Function

Thymosin α1 plays a crucial role in the immune system. It enhances cell-mediated immunity by promoting the maturation of T cells, which are essential for the adaptive immune response . This peptide is believed to be a major component responsible for restoring immune function in animals lacking thymus glands .

Therapeutic Applications

Thymosin α1 has been approved in several countries for the treatment of various diseases, particularly those involving immune dysfunction. It is used to treat chronic hepatitis B and C, and it has shown potential in treating other conditions such as cystic fibrosis, septic shock, acute respiratory distress syndrome, peritonitis, acute cytomegalovirus infection, tuberculosis, severe acute respiratory syndrome, and lung infections in critically ill patients . Additionally, it has been studied for its potential use in cancer treatment, particularly in conjunction with chemotherapy .

Mechanism of Action

Thymosin α1 modulates the immune response by enhancing the function of dendritic cells and T cells. It upregulates activation markers such as CD40, CD80, and TIM-3, particularly in plasmacytoid dendritic cells (pDCs), and increases the production of TNFα . This modulation helps improve lymphocyte functionality and reduces the production of proinflammatory cytokines, making it a beneficial therapeutic alternative for various immune-related conditions .

Clinical Studies and Future Prospects

Clinical trials have demonstrated the efficacy of Thymosin α1 in enhancing immune responses and improving outcomes in patients with immune-related diseases . Its potential as an adjuvant in SARS-CoV2 treatment has also been explored, showing promising results in reducing proinflammatory cytokine production and improving T cell functionality . As research continues, Thymosin α1 may find broader applications in immunotherapy and the treatment of autoimmune disorders.

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