Thymosin β4
Description
The Thymosin b4 Human is purified by proprietary chromatographic techniques.
Product Specs
Product Science Overview
Thymosin-β4 (Tβ4) is a small, actin-sequestering protein that belongs to the thymosin-β family. It is found at high concentrations within various tissues, including the spleen, thymus, and peritoneal macrophages . Tβ4 plays a pivotal role in several physiological and pathological processes, such as increasing angiogenesis and proliferation, and inhibiting apoptosis and inflammation .
Thymosin was initially extracted from the calf thymus by Goldstein and White . The thymosin family can be divided into three groups: α, β, and γ thymosin, based on the differences in their isoelectric point. Thymosin-β4 is the most abundant form of β-thymosin in the human body, accounting for 70%–80% of β-thymosin . Tβ4 comprises 43 amino acids, and its biological activity is determined by encoded gene fragments .
Tβ4 is a multifunctional peptide with a wide range of biological activities. It plays a key role in actin polymerization and gene expression across diverse cell types . By engaging with actin monomers, Tβ4 facilitates their polymerization into filaments, which are essential for cellular structure and motility . This peptide also modulates the expression of genes associated with cell division, proliferation, and differentiation .
- Angiogenesis: Tβ4 promotes angiogenesis by enhancing endothelial progenitor cell (EPC) viability and triggering the proliferation and migration of cells . It upregulates vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) expression, which further induces proliferation, differentiation, and migration of endothelial cells .
- Wound Healing: Tβ4 significantly influences wound healing by regulating actin dynamics. It promotes cell migration, a critical factor in tissue repair .
- Anti-inflammatory and Antifibrotic Effects: The first four amino acids of Tβ4 regulate its anti-inflammatory and antifibrotic effects . Additionally, amino acids 1–15 inhibit apoptosis and reduce toxicity-induced damage to cells .
Tβ4 has shown potential therapeutic benefits in various medical conditions:
- Myocardial Infarction and Ischemia-Reperfusion Injury: Tβ4 is effectively utilized in animal experiments or clinical trials for myocardial infarction and myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury .
- Liver and Renal Fibrosis: Tβ4 has been studied for its potential application in treating liver and renal fibrosis .
- Skin Trauma: Tβ4 is used for promoting wound healing and tissue repair in cases of skin trauma .
