TGFB1 Human, His
Description
The TGF-b 1 His is purified by proprietary chromatographic techniques.
Product Specs
Product Science Overview
Transforming Growth Factor-Beta 1 (TGF-β1) is a multifunctional cytokine that belongs to the TGF-β superfamily. This family of polypeptides is involved in the regulation of various cellular processes, including cell growth, differentiation, apoptosis, and immune responses. TGF-β1 is one of the three closely related mammalian members of the TGF-β family, the others being TGF-β2 and TGF-β3 .
TGF-β1 is synthesized as a precursor protein that undergoes proteolytic processing to generate a mature, biologically active form. The mature TGF-β1 is a disulfide-linked homodimer consisting of two 112 amino acid polypeptide chains . It shares a characteristic cystine knot structure with other members of the TGF-β family .
TGF-β1 plays a crucial role in regulating immune function, cell proliferation, and epithelial-mesenchymal transition. It acts as a cellular switch that can either promote or inhibit these processes depending on the cellular context . For instance, TGF-β1 inhibits the secretion and activity of various cytokines, including interferon-γ and tumor necrosis factor-alpha, while promoting the proliferation of certain T cells .
The recombinant form of TGF-β1, tagged with a His tag, is produced using various expression systems, including Chinese Hamster Ovary (CHO) cells and HEK293 cells . The His tag facilitates the purification of the recombinant protein using affinity chromatography techniques.
The recombinant human TGF-β1 is typically expressed as a latent complex that requires activation to become biologically active. This activation can be achieved through various pathways, including the actions of proteases like plasmin and matrix metalloproteases .
Recombinant TGF-β1 is widely used in research to study its role in various biological processes. It is particularly valuable in the fields of immunology, oncology, and regenerative medicine. For example, TGF-β1 is used to cultivate embryonic stem cells and induced pluripotent stem cells, as well as to promote the differentiation of T cells into Th17 and Treg subsets .
In cancer research, TGF-β1 is studied for its dual role in tumorigenesis. While it can inhibit the proliferation of cancer cells in early stages, it may promote tumor progression and metastasis in advanced stages .
