Transforming Growth Factor-Beta 1 (TGF-β1) is a multifunctional cytokine that plays a crucial role in various cellular processes, including cell growth, differentiation, and immune modulation. The development of TGF-β1 human recombinant proteins has provided valuable tools for studying its biological functions and therapeutic applications .
TGF-β1 is a pivotal cytokine involved in numerous physiological and pathological processes, such as embryonic development, tissue repair, and immune regulation . It is synthesized as a precursor protein that is cleaved to yield a 112 amino acid polypeptide, which remains associated with the latent portion of the molecule . The recombinant form of TGF-β1 (113 a.a.) is produced using recombinant DNA technology, enabling the production of large quantities of biologically active protein for research purposes .
The human recombinant TGF-β1 (113 a.a.) is typically produced in Escherichia coli (E. coli) as a single, non-glycosylated polypeptide chain containing 113 amino acids (279-390 a.a.) with a total molecular mass of 12.9 kDa . The protein is purified using proprietary chromatographic techniques to ensure high purity and biological activity .
TGF-β1 is involved in a wide range of cellular processes, including: