The TGFB2 gene is located on human chromosome 1q41 and is expressed in the extracellular matrix . The active form of TGF-β2 is produced through proteolytic cleavage of its precursor. TGF-β2 shares approximately 70% amino acid sequence identity with TGF-β1 . The recombinant form of TGF-β2, expressed in HEK 293 cells, is a non-glycosylated homodimer with a molecular weight of approximately 25 kDa .
TGF-β2 is a multifunctional cytokine involved in regulating cell growth, differentiation, and survival. It plays a significant role in immune homeostasis by balancing lymphocyte proliferation, apoptosis, hematopoiesis, and embryogenesis . TGF-β2 is a potent growth inhibitor for various cell types, including epithelial, lymphoid, fibroblast, and keratinocyte cells .
TGF-β2 is associated with tumor development, progression, and metastasis. It acts as a tumor suppressor in the early stages of carcinogenesis but promotes tumor growth in later stages by inducing epithelial-mesenchymal transition and stimulating angiogenesis . Additionally, TGF-β2 inhibits the antitumor activity of natural killer cells, T-cells, macrophages, monocytes, and neutrophils .
TGF-β2 is also involved in inflammation and wound healing processes. Overexpression of the TGF-β gene has been observed in various cancers, including glioma, colon cancer, gastric cancer, and cervical lesions .
Recombinant TGF-β2, expressed in HEK 293 cells, is widely used in cell culture and research applications. It is essential for studying cell signaling pathways, cancer biology, and immune regulation. The recombinant form ensures high purity and activity, making it suitable for various experimental setups .