SULT1E1 Human

Estrogen sulfotransferase (SULT1E1) is a phase II enzyme that plays a crucial role in the metabolism of estrogens. It catalyzes the sulfation of estrogens, converting them into inactive estrogen sulfates, thereby regulating their homeostasis . This enzyme is also involved in the sulfation of thyroid hormones and several marketed medicines .

SULT1E1 belongs to the sulfotransferase (SULT) family, which is responsible for the sulfonation of various endogenous and exogenous compounds. Sulfonation is a biochemical process that involves the transfer of a sulfonate group (SO3−) from the donor molecule 3′-phosphoadenosine 5′-phosphosulfate (PAPS) to the hydroxyl or amino groups of acceptor substrates . This reaction increases the water solubility of the substrates and generally decreases their biological activity .

Genetic variants of the SULT1E1 gene have been associated with various diseases, particularly sex-hormone-related cancers such as breast and endometrial cancer . Understanding the role and polymorphisms of SULT1E1 is crucial for developing its clinical relevance. Research has shown that interindividual variation in sulfonation capacity may influence an individual’s response to xenobiotics and susceptibility to certain diseases .

The expression of SULT1E1 is regulated by hormonal factors. For instance, progesterone has been shown to control the cyclical expression of SULT1E1 during the menstrual cycle . This regulation ensures the proper balance and inactivation of estrogens, maintaining physiological homeostasis.

The clinical significance of SULT1E1 extends beyond its role in estrogen metabolism. It is also involved in the metabolism of thyroid hormones and various drugs, making it a key player in pharmacogenomics . Understanding the molecular regulation and polymorphisms of SULT1E1 can aid in the development of personalized medicine approaches, particularly for hormone-related conditions and diseases.