SULT2B1 Human
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Product Science Overview
The Sulfotransferase Family, Cytosolic, 2B, Member 1 (SULT2B1) is a member of the cytosolic sulfotransferase (SULT) gene superfamily. This family of enzymes is responsible for the sulfate conjugation of various hormones, neurotransmitters, drugs, and xenobiotic compounds. The SULT2B1 gene encodes two isoforms, SULT2B1a and SULT2B1b, which have distinct substrate specificities and tissue distributions .
The SULT2B1 gene is located on chromosome 19 and consists of multiple exons. The gene structure, including the number and length of exons, is similar among members of the SULT family . The SULT2B1 gene produces two alternatively spliced variants that encode different isoforms: SULT2B1a and SULT2B1b . These isoforms share a common C-terminal region but differ in their N-terminal sequences, which contribute to their substrate specificities .
SULT2B1 enzymes utilize 3’-phospho-5’-adenylyl sulfate (PAPS) as a sulfonate donor to catalyze the sulfate conjugation of various substrates . SULT2B1b is known to catalyze the sulfonation of 3-beta hydroxysteroid hormones and cholesterol, whereas SULT2B1a preferentially catalyzes the sulfonation of pregnenolone . Pregnenolone is a key intermediate in the biosynthesis of many steroid hormones and neuroprotective steroids .
The sulfation of cholesterol by SULT2B1b plays a crucial role in epidermal cholesterol metabolism and the regulation of epidermal proliferation and differentiation . Additionally, the sulfation of pregnenolone by SULT2B1a is important for the production of neuroactive steroids that enhance cognitive abilities and memory . These neuroactive metabolites, such as pregnenolone sulfate, are involved in modulating gamma-aminobutyric acid A (GABA_A) receptor and N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptor activities .
Genetic polymorphisms in the SULT2B1 gene can affect the sulfating activity of the encoded enzymes. For example, certain missense single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in SULT2B1a have been associated with reduced activity toward pregnenolone . These polymorphisms may have implications for individuals with different SULT2B1 genotypes, potentially affecting their steroid hormone metabolism and neuroprotective functions .
Diseases associated with SULT2B1 include Ichthyosis, Congenital, Autosomal Recessive 14, and Ichthyosis, Congenital, Autosomal Recessive 1 . These conditions are characterized by abnormal skin development and function, highlighting the importance of SULT2B1 in epidermal biology .
