SDF 1b Human, His

Stromal Cell-Derived Factor-1 (SDF-1), also known as C-X-C motif chemokine 12 (CXCL12), is a chemokine protein encoded by the CXCL12 gene in humans . This protein plays a crucial role in various physiological processes, including embryogenesis, immune surveillance, inflammation response, tissue homeostasis, and tumor growth and metastasis .

The CXCL12 gene is located on chromosome 10 at the band 10q11.21 and contains four exons . This gene produces seven isoforms through alternative splicing, with SDF-1α (CXCL12a) and SDF-1β (CXCL12b) being the most studied . The protein belongs to the intercrine alpha (chemokine CXC) family and is characterized by the presence of four conserved cysteines that form two disulfide bonds .

CXCL12 is ubiquitously expressed in many tissues and cell types, including the brain, thymus, heart, lung, liver, kidney, spleen, platelets, and bone marrow . It is a potent chemoattractant for lymphocytes and plays a significant role in directing the migration of hematopoietic cells from the fetal liver to the bone marrow during embryogenesis . CXCL12 activates the C-X-C chemokine receptor CXCR4, inducing a rapid and transient rise in intracellular calcium ions and chemotaxis .

CXCL12 signaling has been observed in several cancers, and the gene contains one of 27 SNPs associated with an increased risk of coronary artery disease . Additionally, mutations in this gene are associated with resistance to human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) infections .

Recombinant CXCL12, particularly the human recombinant form with a His tag, is used in various research applications. The His tag facilitates the purification of the protein using affinity chromatography, making it easier to study its structure and function in detail.