PF 4 Human
Platelet Factor-4 Human Recombinant (CXCL4)
Cat. No.
BT22293
Source
Escherichia Coli.
Synonyms
CXCL4, PF-4, PF4, Iroplact, Oncostatin-A, SCYB4, MGC138298.
Appearance
Sterile Filtered white lyophilized powder.
Purity
Greater than 97.0% as determined by:
(a) Analysis by RP-HPLC.
(b) Analysis by SDS-PAGE.
Usage
THE BioTek's products are furnished for LABORATORY RESEARCH USE ONLY. They may not be used as drugs,agricultural or pesticidal products, food additives or household chemicals.
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Description
CXCL4 Human Recombinant produced in E.Coli is a single, non-glycosylated polypeptide chain containing 70 amino acids and having a molecular mass of 7.8 kDa.
Product Specs
Introduction
Platelet factor-4 (PF4), also known as CXCL4, is a small protein released by activated platelets. Its primary function is to regulate blood clotting by neutralizing molecules on blood vessel walls that prevent clotting. PF4 also acts as a chemoattractant, drawing neutrophils and fibroblasts to sites of injury, suggesting a role in inflammation and tissue repair. Oncostatin-A, while belonging to the same chemokine family as PF4, has distinct functions and is notably involved in inhibiting blood vessel formation (angiogenesis) in tumors.
Description
Recombinant human CXCL4, produced in E. coli bacteria, is a single chain protein consisting of 70 amino acids. It lacks glycosylation and has a molecular weight of 7.8 kDa.
Physical Appearance
Sterile white powder, free of visible particles, obtained by filtration and freeze-drying.
Formulation
CXCL4 protein was filtered through a 0.2 µm filter and subsequently freeze-dried. The solution prior to freeze-drying contained 20mM PB (phosphate buffer) and 1.5M NaCl (sodium chloride) at a pH of 7.4.
Solubility
To reconstitute lyophilized CXCL4, it is recommended to dissolve it in sterile, ultrapure water (18 megaohm-cm resistivity) to a minimum concentration of 100 µg/ml. This solution can be further diluted using other aqueous solutions as needed.
Stability
Lyophilized CXCL4 remains stable for 3 weeks at room temperature but should ideally be stored in a dry environment below -18°C. After reconstitution, CXCL4 should be kept at 4°C and used within 2-7 days. For long-term storage, freezing at -18°C is recommended, and the addition of a carrier protein like HSA or BSA (0.1%) is advisable. Avoid repeated freezing and thawing.
Purity
The purity of CXCL4 is greater than 97%, as confirmed by: (a) High-performance liquid chromatography (RP-HPLC) analysis and (b) Sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE) analysis.
Biological Activity
The biological activity of CXCL4 is evaluated through a chemotaxis assay, which measures the movement of human fibroblasts towards a chemical attractant. The effective concentration range for CXCL4 in this assay is 1.0-10 ng/ml.
Synonyms
CXCL4, PF-4, PF4, Iroplact, Oncostatin-A, SCYB4, MGC138298.
Source
Escherichia Coli.
Amino Acid Sequence
EAEEDGDLQC LCVKTTSQVR PRHITSLEVI KAGPHCPTAQ LIATLKNGRK ICLDLQAPLY
Product Science Overview
Gene and Protein Structure
Biological Functions
PF4 has several biological functions:
- Anticoagulant Neutralization: PF4 binds with high affinity to heparin, neutralizing its anticoagulant effect and promoting coagulation .
- Chemoattraction: It acts as a chemoattractant for neutrophils, fibroblasts, and monocytes .
- Inflammation and Wound Repair: PF4 is involved in wound repair and inflammation by moderating the effects of heparin-like molecules .
- Antiproliferative and Antiangiogenic Effects: PF4 can interfere with FGF2 and VEGF heparin binding, inhibiting their signaling and thus exhibiting antiproliferative and antiangiogenic properties .
Clinical Significance
PF4 is clinically significant in several contexts:
- Heparin-Induced Thrombocytopenia (HIT): The heparin:PF4 complex is the antigen in HIT, an autoimmune reaction to the administration of heparin .
- Vaccine-Induced Immune Thrombotic Thrombocytopenia (VITT): Antibodies against PF4 have been implicated in cases of thrombosis and thrombocytopenia following vaccination with the Oxford–AstraZeneca or Janssen COVID-19 vaccines .
- Long COVID and Systemic Sclerosis: Changes in PF4 expression have been associated with symptoms of long COVID and increased levels in patients with systemic sclerosis and interstitial lung disease .
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