The NAP1L4 gene consists of 14 exons and spans approximately 30.5 kb . The gene encodes a highly acidic protein of 375 amino acids, which includes a nuclear localization motif and two clusters of highly acidic residues . This structure allows NAP1L4 to interact with both core and linker histones, facilitating the transfer of histones onto DNA templates .
NAP1L4 acts as a histone chaperone, shuttling between the cytoplasm and nucleus . It assists in the assembly of nucleosomes by depositing preformed tetramers of histones H3 and H4 onto DNA before adding tetramers of histones H2A and H2B . This process is essential for the regulation of gene expression at the level of DNA packaging .
The NAP1L4 gene is located near an important tumor-suppressor gene region and has been associated with several disorders, including Beckwith-Wiedemann syndrome, Wilms tumor, rhabdomyosarcoma, adrenocortical carcinoma, and cancers of the lung, ovary, and breast . Alterations in this region can lead to various genetic disorders and malignancies .
Recombinant NAP1L4 protein is used in various research applications to study chromatin dynamics, gene expression, and the role of histone chaperones in nucleosome assembly . Understanding the function and mechanism of NAP1L4 can provide insights into the regulation of gene expression and the development of cancer and other genetic disorders.