MDC Human
(a) Analysis by RP-HPLC.
(b) Analysis by SDS-PAGE.
Description
The MDC is purified by proprietary chromatographic techniques.
Product Specs
Product Science Overview
Macrophage-Derived Chemokine (MDC), also known as CCL22, is a member of the C-C chemokine family. Chemokines are small cytokines or signaling proteins secreted by cells, and they play a crucial role in immune responses by directing the movement of circulating leukocytes to sites of inflammation or injury. CCL22 is primarily produced by dendritic cells and macrophages and is involved in the recruitment of T cells, particularly regulatory T cells (Tregs), to sites of inflammation .
The gene encoding CCL22 is located on chromosome 16 in humans. This gene is part of a cluster of chemokine genes, which includes other members such as CX3CL1 and CCL17 . The protein structure of CCL22 consists of a typical chemokine fold, which includes a three-stranded β-sheet and a C-terminal α-helix. This structure is essential for its interaction with chemokine receptors on target cells.
CCL22 exerts its effects by binding to the chemokine receptor CCR4, which is expressed on various immune cells, including T cells, natural killer (NK) cells, and dendritic cells . The primary function of CCL22 is to mediate chemotaxis, the directed movement of cells towards higher concentrations of the chemokine. This process is vital for the immune system’s ability to respond to infections and other inflammatory stimuli.
CCL22 plays a significant role in the immune response by recruiting Tregs to sites of inflammation. Tregs are essential for maintaining immune tolerance and preventing excessive immune reactions that can lead to tissue damage. By attracting Tregs, CCL22 helps modulate the immune response and maintain a balance between effective pathogen clearance and limiting collateral damage to host tissues .
The expression of CCL22 has been implicated in various diseases, including cancer, autoimmune disorders, and infectious diseases. For instance, elevated levels of CCL22 have been observed in certain types of cancer, where it may contribute to the recruitment of Tregs to the tumor microenvironment, thereby promoting immune evasion by the tumor . Conversely, reduced levels of CCL22 have been noted in some autoimmune diseases, suggesting a potential role in disease pathogenesis.
Given its role in immune regulation, CCL22 is a target of interest for therapeutic interventions. Modulating CCL22 levels or blocking its interaction with CCR4 could potentially enhance anti-tumor immunity or ameliorate autoimmune conditions. Ongoing research aims to better understand the mechanisms by which CCL22 influences immune responses and to develop strategies for targeting this chemokine in various diseases .
