LDL Human
Description
Product Specs
Product Science Overview
LDL particles are complex structures composed of multiple proteins, typically 80–100 proteins per particle, organized by a single apolipoprotein B-100 (Apo B-100). Each LDL particle is about 220–275 angstroms in diameter and typically transports 3,000 to 6,000 fat molecules per particle . The core of LDL particles is highly hydrophobic, consisting of polyunsaturated fatty acids, esterified and unesterified cholesterol molecules, triglycerides, and other fats. This core is surrounded by a shell of phospholipids and unesterified cholesterol, along with the single copy of Apo B-100 .
LDL is primarily responsible for transporting cholesterol to cells that need it. Cholesterol is essential for membrane synthesis, modulation of membrane fluidity, and regulation of cell signaling pathways . LDL delivers fat molecules to cells through receptor-mediated endocytosis, making fats available to body cells .
LDL is often referred to as “bad cholesterol” because high levels of LDL cholesterol are associated with an increased risk of cardiovascular diseases, such as atherosclerosis, heart attacks, and strokes . LDL cholesterol can accumulate in the walls of blood vessels, forming plaques that narrow the vessels and restrict blood flow . This condition, known as atherosclerosis, can lead to serious health problems.
Several factors can influence LDL levels in the body:
- Diet: Consuming foods high in saturated and trans fats can raise LDL levels .
- Genetics: Family history of high cholesterol can increase the likelihood of elevated LDL levels .
- Age: Cholesterol levels tend to increase with age as the body becomes less efficient at clearing cholesterol .
- Health Conditions: Conditions such as diabetes, chronic kidney disease, and familial hypercholesterolemia can lead to high LDL levels .
- Medications: Certain drugs, especially those used to control blood pressure or HIV, can cause high LDL as a side effect .
