HDL Human
Description
Product Specs
The donor of the starting material has undergone testing and found to be negative for HIV I & II antibodies, Hepatitis B surface antigen, Hepatitis C antibodies, HIV1/HCV/HBV NAT, and Syphilis.
Product Science Overview
The discovery of HDL dates back to 1929 when a protein-rich, lipid-poor complex was isolated from equine serum . In the 1950s, HDL was isolated from human serum using ultracentrifugation techniques . The Framingham Heart Study in the 1980s established a strong positive association between low HDL-C levels and coronary heart disease, leading to the characterization of HDL as "good cholesterol" .
HDL particles are complex and dynamic, consisting of a core of lipids surrounded by a shell of proteins, phospholipids, and cholesterol . The primary protein component of HDL is apolipoprotein A-I (ApoA-I), which constitutes about 75% of its protein content . HDL particles vary in size and density, and their composition can change as they interact with various enzymes and tissues throughout their lifecycle .
HDL is involved in several critical biological processes:
- Reverse Cholesterol Transport (RCT): HDL transports cholesterol from peripheral tissues back to the liver for excretion .
- Anti-inflammatory Properties: HDL has anti-inflammatory effects, which help in reducing the risk of cardiovascular diseases .
- Antioxidant Functions: HDL can prevent the oxidation of low-density lipoprotein (LDL), thereby reducing the formation of atherosclerotic plaques .
- Endothelial Function: HDL promotes endothelial repair and maintains endothelial function, which is vital for vascular health .
Despite its established role in cardiovascular health, recent studies have questioned the causal relationship between HDL-C levels and ASCVD . Genetic studies and randomized trials have shown that merely increasing HDL-C levels does not necessarily translate to reduced cardiovascular events . Functional measures of HDL, such as cholesterol efflux capacity and the number of HDL particles, are now considered better predictors of cardiovascular risk .
Several therapeutic strategies have been explored to harness the benefits of HDL. These include:
- CETP Inhibitors: Drugs like torcetrapib and anacetrapib aimed to increase HDL-C levels by inhibiting cholesteryl ester transfer protein (CETP). However, clinical trials have shown mixed results, with some drugs leading to adverse cardiovascular events .
- ApoA-I Mimetic Peptides: These peptides mimic the structure and function of ApoA-I and have shown promise in preclinical studies .
- HDL Infusions: Infusing reconstituted HDL particles has been explored as a potential therapy to rapidly increase HDL levels and improve cardiovascular outcomes .
