IRF 3 Human
IRF-3, IRF3, IFN Regulatory Factor 3.
(b) Analysis by SDS-PAGE.
Description
IRF-3 Human Recombinant produced in E.Coli is a single, non-glycosylated, polypeptide chain containing 111 amino acids (1-112) and having a molecular mass of 13 kDa.
The IRF3 is purified by proprietary chromatographic techniques.
Product Specs
The IFN regulatory factor (IRF) family plays a vital role in immune responses, blood cell formation, and cell growth by controlling gene expression. IRF-3, a unique member of this family, relies solely on modifications after its production to regulate its activity. It's crucial for activating innate immunity and inflammation to combat viral infections. IRF-3 achieves this by activating the IFN-stimulated response element (ISRE) promoter, essentially acting as an antiviral switch. During viral infections, double-stranded RNA (dsRNA) triggers modifications in IRF-3, causing it to change shape, pair up, and move to the cell nucleus. There, it partners with CREB-binding protein (CREBBP) to form dsRNA-activated factor 1 (DRAF1). This complex activates genes controlled by ISRE, binding to specific regions on IFN-alpha and IFN-beta promoters. Notably, IRF-3 itself lacks transcription activation domains.
Recombinant human IRF-3, produced in E. coli bacteria, is a single, non-glycosylated polypeptide chain. This protein consists of 111 amino acids (positions 1 to 112) and has a molecular weight of 13 kDa. Purification of IRF-3 is achieved using specialized chromatography methods.
While liquid IRF-3 remains stable at 10°C for up to one week, it's recommended to store it at temperatures below -18°C. For long-term storage, adding a carrier protein (either 0.1% HSA or BSA) is advised. Avoid repeated freezing and thawing cycles.
IRF-3, IRF3, IFN Regulatory Factor 3.
Product Science Overview
Interferon Regulatory Factor 3 (IRF3) is a critical transcription factor involved in the regulation of the innate immune response. It plays a pivotal role in the induction of type I interferons (IFN-I) and other cytokines in response to viral infections and other pathogenic stimuli. IRF3 is part of the interferon regulatory factor family, which includes nine members (IRF1-9), each with distinct roles in immune regulation .
IRF3 was originally discovered as a homolog of IRF1 and IRF2. It contains several functional domains, including a nuclear export signal, a DNA-binding domain, a C-terminal IRF association domain, and several regulatory phosphorylation sites . These domains are essential for its function in the immune response.
IRF3 activation is triggered downstream of pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) such as Toll-like receptor 3 (TLR3), retinoic acid-inducible gene I (RIG-I), and melanoma differentiation-associated protein 5 (MDA-5) in response to double-stranded RNA (dsRNA), typically observed during viral infections . Upon activation, IRF3 undergoes phosphorylation, dimerization, and translocation to the nucleus, where it binds to specific DNA sequences to initiate the transcription of IFN-I and other antiviral genes .
Recent studies have highlighted the role of IRF3 in neuroinflammatory responses. For instance, IRF3 deficiency has been shown to delay TLR4-mediated signaling in microglia and attenuate the hallmark features of lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced inflammation, such as cytokine release, microglial reactivity, astrocyte activation, myeloid cell infiltration, and inflammasome activation . Additionally, constitutively active IRF3 in microglia induces a transcriptional program associated with Alzheimer’s disease, suggesting its involvement in neuroinflammatory disorders .
Interestingly, IRF3 also plays an anti-inflammatory role in microglia by activating the PI3K/Akt pathway. This activation suppresses proinflammatory genes and enhances anti-inflammatory genes, promoting a switch from a proinflammatory to an anti-inflammatory phenotype . This dual role of IRF3 in both proinflammatory and anti-inflammatory responses underscores its importance in immune regulation.
Human recombinant IRF3 is produced using recombinant DNA technology, which involves inserting the IRF3 gene into an expression vector and introducing it into a host cell, such as Escherichia coli or mammalian cells. The host cells then produce IRF3 protein, which can be purified and used for research and therapeutic purposes. Recombinant IRF3 is valuable for studying its function, regulation, and potential therapeutic applications in immune-related diseases.
