Interleukin-22 (IL-22) is a member of the IL-10 family of regulatory cytokines. These cytokines share partial homology in their amino acid sequences but differ significantly in their biological functions. IL-22 is primarily produced by T lymphocytes and plays a crucial role in immune responses, particularly in the regulation of inflammatory processes. It inhibits IL-4 production by Th2 cells and induces acute phase reactants in the liver and pancreas .
The Interleukin-22 Antagonist (E117A) (Mouse Recombinant) is a mutant form of IL-22. It is produced in Escherichia coli (E. coli) and is a single, non-glycosylated homodimeric polypeptide chain containing 147 amino acids, with a total molecular mass of 16.7 kDa . The E117A mutation refers to the substitution of glutamic acid (E) at position 117 with alanine (A), which significantly alters its biological activity.
The E117A mutant of IL-22 is capable of fully inhibiting the phosphorylation of STAT3 induced by mouse IL-22 in HepG cells. Its affinity towards the immobilized mouse IL-22 receptor a1 extracellular domain (mIL-22 Ra1-ECD) or IL-22 binding protein is similar to that of the non-mutated mouse IL-22 . This antagonist has very low agonistic activity, making it an effective inhibitor in various biological assays.
The recombinant IL-22 antagonist is purified using proprietary chromatographic techniques to ensure high purity. It is lyophilized from a concentrated solution in water containing sodium bicarbonate (NaHCO3) and is recommended to be reconstituted in sterile water to a concentration of not less than 100 µg/ml . The lyophilized form is stable at room temperature for up to three weeks but should be stored desiccated below -18°C for long-term storage. Upon reconstitution, it should be stored at 4°C for short-term use and below -18°C for future use, avoiding freeze-thaw cycles .
The IL-22 antagonist (E117A) is primarily used in laboratory research to study the role of IL-22 in various biological processes and diseases. It is particularly useful in investigating the signaling pathways involving IL-22 and its receptors, as well as in developing potential therapeutic strategies for conditions characterized by excessive IL-22 activity.