Interleukin-36 gamma (IL-36γ), also known as IL-1F9, is a member of the interleukin-1 (IL-1) family of cytokines. This family includes several other cytokines such as IL-1α, IL-1β, IL-18, and IL-36α/β. IL-36γ is a pro-inflammatory cytokine that plays a crucial role in the immune response and inflammation.
IL-36γ is a protein consisting of 152 amino acids and has a molecular mass of approximately 17.0 kDa . The recombinant form of IL-36γ is typically produced in Escherichia coli (E. coli) and is purified using proprietary chromatographic techniques . The protein is non-glycosylated and exists as a single polypeptide chain.
IL-36γ functions by binding to its specific receptor, IL-36R, which is part of the IL-1 receptor family . Upon binding, the IL-36R forms a complex with the IL-1 receptor accessory protein (IL-1RAcP), leading to the activation of intracellular signaling pathways such as NF-κB and MAPK . These pathways are crucial for the transcription of pro-inflammatory genes and the subsequent inflammatory response.
IL-36γ is primarily expressed in epithelial cells and plays a significant role in skin inflammation. It is involved in the pathogenesis of several inflammatory skin diseases, including psoriasis . Dysregulation of IL-36γ can lead to an enhanced Th17/Th23 axis, contributing to the development of psoriatic-like skin disorders . Genetic mutations in the IL-36 receptor antagonist (IL-36Ra) are associated with generalized pustular psoriasis, a rare but severe skin condition .
Given its role in inflammation and disease, IL-36γ is a potential target for therapeutic intervention. Anti-IL-36 antibodies have shown promise in attenuating skin inflammation in mouse models of psoriasis . Further research is ongoing to explore the therapeutic potential of targeting IL-36γ in various inflammatory diseases.