The IL1RL1 gene is located on chromosome 2q12 and is part of a cytokine receptor gene cluster that includes IL1R1, IL1R2, and IL1RL2 . The gene encodes a transmembrane protein with a structure similar to IL-1R1. The protein consists of 318 amino acids and has a molecular mass of approximately 36.0 kDa .
IL1RL1 functions as a receptor for interleukin-33 (IL-33). Upon binding to IL-33, IL1RL1 recruits several signaling molecules, including MYD88, IRAK1, IRAK4, and TRAF6. This recruitment leads to the phosphorylation of MAPK3/ERK1, MAPK1/ERK2, MAPK14, and MAPK8, which are involved in various cellular responses . IL1RL1 is implicated in the function of helper T cells and plays a role in tissue homeostasis and responses to environmental stresses .
IL1RL1 is highly expressed in various tissues, including the kidney, lung, placenta, stomach, skeletal muscle, colon, and small intestine . A soluble form of IL1RL1 is produced through alternative splicing and is expressed in several cell types, including fibroblasts and mast cells. This soluble form acts as a negative regulator of Th2 cytokine production and is associated with several disease states, such as asthma, sepsis, and myocardial infarction .
The recombinant form of IL1RL1 is produced in Sf9 Baculovirus cells. This recombinant protein is a single, glycosylated polypeptide chain fused to an 8 amino acid His Tag at the C-terminus. The protein is purified using proprietary chromatographic techniques and is available in various quantities for research purposes .