TACI Human

The TNFRSF13B gene is located on chromosome 17 (17p11.2) in humans . The TACI protein is a type III membrane protein with an extracellular N-terminus and contains two cysteine-rich domains . These domains are essential for the protein’s ability to bind to its ligands.

TACI is predominantly expressed on the surface of B cells, which are a type of white blood cell involved in the adaptive immune response . TACI recognizes and binds to three main ligands: A Proliferation-Inducing Ligand (APRIL), B-cell Activating Factor (BAFF), and Calcium-Modulator and Cyclophilin Ligand (CAML) . These interactions are crucial for B cell survival, proliferation, and differentiation .

TACI plays a significant role in humoral immunity by regulating B cell responses. It controls T cell-independent B cell antibody responses, isotype switching, and B cell homeostasis . The signaling pathways activated by TACI include NFAT, AP-1, and NF-kappa-B, which modulate various cellular activities .

Mutations in the TNFRSF13B gene are associated with immune system disorders such as Common Variable Immunodeficiency (CVID) and IgA deficiency . Despite these associations, approximately 98% of individuals with TNFRSF13B mutations remain healthy . This suggests that TNFRSF13B polymorphisms might play a role in promoting well-being by controlling key elements of innate immunity .

Research into TNFRSF13B and its ligands continues to provide insights into the regulation of B cell responses and the potential for therapeutic interventions in immune-related diseases . The recombinant form of TACI (Human Recombinant) is used in various research applications to study its function and interactions with ligands.