HIV-1 p24

HIV-1 p24 Recombinant
Cat. No.
BT22086
Source
Escherichia Coli.
Synonyms
Appearance
Sterile Filtered White lyophilized (freeze-dried) powder.
Purity
Greater than 95.0% as determined by SDS-PAGE.
Usage
THE BioTek's products are furnished for LABORATORY RESEARCH USE ONLY. They may not be used as drugs, agricultural or pesticidal products, food additives or household chemicals.
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Description

Recombinant HIV-1 p24 produced in E.coli is a non-glycosylated polypeptide chain having a molecular mass of 26.7kDa and fused to a His tag at C-terminus.

Product Specs

Introduction
Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) is a retrovirus that can lead to acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS), a condition in which the immune system gradually fails, leaving the body vulnerable to opportunistic infections and cancers. HIV primarily targets and infects vital cells within the human immune system, specifically helper T cells (CD4+ T cells), macrophages, and dendritic cells. The depletion of CD4+ T cells occurs through three main mechanisms: 1) Direct viral killing of infected cells. 2) Increased rates of apoptosis (programmed cell death) in infected cells. 3) Killing of infected CD4+ T cells by CD8 cytotoxic lymphocytes that recognize infected cells. As CD4+ T cell numbers decline below a critical level, cell-mediated immunity is severely compromised, rendering the body increasingly susceptible to opportunistic infections and malignancies. HIV is classified as a member of the genus Lentivirus, which belongs to the family Retroviridae. Lentiviruses share common morphological and biological characteristics. Many species are infected by lentiviruses, which are known to cause persistent and long-duration illnesses with extended incubation periods. Lentiviruses are transmitted as single-stranded, positive-sense, enveloped RNA viruses. Upon entering the target cell, the viral RNA genome is reverse transcribed into double-stranded DNA by a virally encoded reverse transcriptase enzyme present within the virus particle. This viral DNA is then integrated into the host cell's DNA by a virally encoded integrase enzyme, enabling the viral genome to be transcribed. Once integrated, the virus can follow two pathways: 1) Latency, where the virus remains dormant within the infected cell, and the cell continues to function normally. 2) Active replication, where the virus replicates, producing a large number of viral particles that can infect other cells.
Description
Recombinant HIV-1 p24, expressed in E. coli, is a non-glycosylated polypeptide chain with a molecular weight of 26.7 kDa. This protein is engineered with a His tag fused to its C-terminus.
Physical Appearance
Sterile Filtered White lyophilized powder.
Formulation
Lyophilized from a 1 mg/ml solution in 20 mM sodium carbonate, pH 10.
Solubility
To reconstitute the lyophilized HIV-1 p24, it is recommended to dissolve it in sterile 18 MΩ·cm H₂O to a concentration of at least 100 µg/ml. The reconstituted solution can then be further diluted in other aqueous solutions as needed.
Stability

Store the lyophilized HIV-1 p24 at 2-8 °C. Do not freeze. After reconstitution, HIV-1 p24 should be stored at 4 °C for up to 7 days. For long-term storage, freeze aliquots below -18 °C. Avoid repeated freeze-thaw cycles.

Purity
Purity is determined to be greater than 95% as assessed by SDS-PAGE analysis.
Source
Escherichia Coli.

Product Science Overview

Introduction

The HIV-1 p24 protein is a major core protein of the Human Immunodeficiency Virus type 1 (HIV-1), which is the primary cause of Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome (AIDS). This protein plays a crucial role in the virus’s structure and lifecycle, making it a significant target for diagnostic and therapeutic strategies.

Structure and Function

The p24 protein is a part of the Gag polyprotein, which is cleaved by the viral protease during viral maturation to release several proteins, including p17, p24, and p12 . The p24 protein forms the conical capsid that encases the viral RNA genome, consisting of approximately 1,500 copies of the protein . This capsid is essential for the virus’s ability to infect host cells and replicate.

Importance in HIV Diagnosis

The p24 protein is one of the most conserved proteins in the HIV-1 virus, making it a reliable marker for early detection of HIV infection . Detection of the p24 antigen is a key component of fourth-generation HIV test assays, which can identify HIV infection at an earlier stage compared to previous methods . This early detection is crucial for timely intervention and management of the disease.

Recombinant p24 Protein

Recombinant p24 protein is produced using genetic engineering techniques, where the p24 gene is cloned and expressed in a host organism, such as E. coli. This recombinant protein retains its natural antigenic properties, making it useful for various applications, including:

  • Diagnostic Reagents: Recombinant p24 protein can be used in diagnostic kits to detect HIV infection by identifying antibodies against p24 in patient sera .
  • Vaccine Development: The protein’s ability to elicit an immune response makes it a potential component in multi-component HIV vaccines .
  • Research: It serves as a valuable tool in studying the virus’s structure, function, and interactions with the host immune system .
Production and Purification

The production of recombinant p24 protein involves several steps:

  1. Gene Cloning: The p24 gene is amplified using PCR and cloned into an expression vector.
  2. Expression: The recombinant plasmid is introduced into a host organism, such as E. coli, where it is induced to express the p24 protein.
  3. Purification: The expressed protein is purified using techniques like nickel affinity chromatography, which exploits the His-tag added to the recombinant protein for easy purification .
Applications and Future Prospects

The recombinant p24 protein has shown promise in various applications:

  • Early HIV Diagnosis: Its use in fourth-generation test assays has improved the early detection of HIV infection .
  • Vaccine Research: Ongoing studies are exploring its potential in developing effective HIV vaccines .
  • Therapeutic Strategies: As a target for antiviral strategies, the p24 protein continues to be a focus of research aimed at finding new treatments for HIV/AIDS .

In conclusion, the HIV-1 p24 recombinant protein is a vital tool in the fight against HIV/AIDS, offering significant benefits in diagnosis, research, and potential vaccine development. Its continued study and application hold promise for advancing our understanding and management of this global health challenge.

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