HIV-1 gag p17-p24, gp41-gp120
Description
Product Specs
Product Science Overview
Human Immunodeficiency Virus type 1 (HIV-1) is a retrovirus that causes Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome (AIDS). The virus targets the immune system, specifically CD4+ T cells, leading to a progressive failure of the immune system and increased susceptibility to opportunistic infections and cancers. The HIV-1 virus is composed of several structural proteins, including the Gag and Env proteins, which play crucial roles in the virus’s life cycle and pathogenesis.
The Gag (group-specific antigen) protein is a polyprotein that is cleaved into several smaller proteins, including p17 (matrix protein) and p24 (capsid protein). These proteins are essential for the assembly and maturation of the virus.
- p17 (Matrix Protein): This protein forms a layer beneath the viral envelope and is involved in the transport of the viral genome to the plasma membrane, where new virions are assembled .
- p24 (Capsid Protein): This protein forms the conical core that encases the viral RNA genome. It is a major target for diagnostic assays due to its high immunogenicity .
The Env (envelope) protein is also a polyprotein that is cleaved into two subunits: gp120 and gp41. These proteins are critical for the virus’s ability to infect host cells.
- gp120 (Surface Glycoprotein): This protein is responsible for binding to the CD4 receptor on host cells, a crucial step for viral entry .
- gp41 (Transmembrane Glycoprotein): This protein facilitates the fusion of the viral envelope with the host cell membrane, allowing the viral genome to enter the host cell .
Recombinant HIV-1 proteins, such as the gag p17-p24 and gp41-gp120, are produced using genetic engineering techniques. These proteins are used in various applications, including vaccine development, diagnostic assays, and research into the virus’s structure and function.
- Production: Recombinant proteins are typically produced in bacterial or mammalian expression systems. The genes encoding the HIV-1 proteins are inserted into the host cells, which then produce the proteins .
- Applications: These recombinant proteins are used in enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISAs) and Western blots for the early detection of HIV infection. They are also used in research to study the immune response to HIV and to develop potential vaccines .
