HIV-1 gag p17,p24, gp120
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Description
Product Specs
Product Science Overview
Human Immunodeficiency Virus type 1 (HIV-1) is the causative agent of Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome (AIDS). The virus has a complex structure and lifecycle, involving several key proteins that play crucial roles in its replication and pathogenesis. Among these proteins, the Gag p17, p24, and the envelope glycoprotein gp120 are of significant interest due to their roles in viral assembly, maturation, and immune response.
The Gag (Group-specific antigen) polyprotein is a precursor protein that is cleaved by the viral protease into several smaller proteins, including p17 (matrix protein) and p24 (capsid protein).
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p17 (Matrix Protein): The p17 protein forms the matrix layer beneath the viral envelope and is involved in the transport of the viral genome to the plasma membrane, where new virions are assembled. It also plays a role in the incorporation of the envelope glycoproteins into the budding virion .
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p24 (Capsid Protein): The p24 protein forms the conical core of the virus, encasing the viral RNA genome. It is a major structural component and is critical for the assembly and maturation of the virus. The p24 antigen is also a key target for early HIV diagnosis due to its high immunogenicity .
The gp120 protein is part of the envelope glycoprotein complex (gp160), which is cleaved into gp120 and gp41. The gp120 protein is responsible for binding to the CD4 receptor on host cells, a crucial step for viral entry.
- gp120: This glycoprotein is heavily glycosylated and exhibits high variability, which helps the virus evade the host immune system. It interacts with the CD4 receptor and co-receptors (CCR5 or CXCR4) on the surface of target cells, facilitating viral entry. The gp120 protein is a major target for neutralizing antibodies and vaccine development .
Recombinant HIV-1 proteins, such as Gag p17, p24, and gp120, are produced using various expression systems, including bacteria, yeast, and mammalian cells. These recombinant proteins are used in research, diagnostic assays, and vaccine development.
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Production and Purification: Recombinant p24 and gp120 proteins are typically produced in E. coli or other expression systems and purified using affinity chromatography. These proteins retain their immunogenic properties and are used in various immunological assays .
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Applications: Recombinant HIV-1 proteins are used in enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISAs) for the detection of HIV antibodies in patient samples. They are also employed in vaccine research to elicit immune responses in animal models and humans .
