HAVCR1 is a class 1 integral membrane glycoprotein that contains two extracellular domains: a virus-binding immunoglobulin-like (IgV) domain and a mucin-like domain that extends the IgV from the cell membrane . This receptor is widely expressed in various tissues, with the highest levels found in the kidney and testis . It is particularly highly expressed in kidney proximal tubular cells, especially in cases of kidney injury .
HAVCR1 serves as a cellular receptor for the human hepatitis A virus (HHAV) and is involved in the host’s immune response to viral infections . It also plays a significant role in the regulation of asthma and allergic diseases . In the context of kidney injury, the ectodomain of KIM-1 is cleaved and released into the urine, making it a sensitive and specific biomarker for acute kidney injury (AKI) and chronic kidney disease (CKD) in both rodents and humans .
The recombinant form of HAVCR1, expressed in human embryonic kidney (HEK) 293 cells, is used in various research applications. This recombinant protein is often tagged with histidine (His) for purification purposes and is available in lyophilized form . It is used as an internal standard for bioanalysis of HAVCR1 in mass spectrometry .
Recombinant HAVCR1 is utilized in studies related to viral infections, immune response regulation, and kidney injury. Its role as a biomarker for kidney injury makes it valuable in both clinical and research settings. Additionally, its involvement in asthma and allergic diseases provides insights into potential therapeutic targets for these conditions .