GST-HRP Antibody

Glutathione-S-Transferase (GST) is a family of enzymes involved in the detoxification process by catalyzing the conjugation of the reduced form of glutathione (GSH) to xenobiotic substrates. This process is crucial for the detoxification of endogenous compounds such as peroxidized lipids and the breakdown of xenobiotics . GSTs are found in both eukaryotic and prokaryotic organisms and are known for their role in phase II metabolism .

GSTs are dimeric enzymes that can constitute up to 10% of cytosolic protein in some mammalian organs . They catalyze the conjugation of GSH via a sulfhydryl group to electrophilic centers on a wide variety of substrates, making the compounds more water-soluble and facilitating their excretion from the body . The GST family consists of three superfamilies: cytosolic, mitochondrial, and microsomal (also known as MAPEG) proteins .

The mouse antibody peroxidase conjugated to GST is a specialized tool used in various immunoassays. Horseradish peroxidase (HRP) is a 44 kDa glycoprotein commonly conjugated to antibodies for use in applications such as ELISA, immunohistochemistry, and western blotting . The enzyme label can be visualized through chromogenic reactions, making it a valuable tool for detecting and quantifying target proteins .

1. Western Blotting: HRP-conjugated antibodies are used to detect specific proteins in a sample. The enzyme catalyzes the oxidation of substrates in the presence of hydrogen peroxide, resulting in a colored precipitate or light emission .
2. ELISA: Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays utilize HRP-conjugated antibodies to detect the presence of antigens in a sample. The enzyme’s activity can be measured through chromogenic or chemiluminescent substrates .
3. Immunohistochemistry: HRP-conjugated antibodies are used to visualize the distribution and localization of specific proteins within tissue sections .

The conjugation of HRP to antibodies involves a two-step procedure. First, monosaccharide residues in the enzyme are oxidized with periodate to produce aldehyde groups. These aldehyde groups then react with amino groups in the IgG antibody, forming a stable conjugate .