DDIT3 Human

The DDIT3 gene is located on chromosome 12q13.3 . The protein encoded by this gene plays a crucial role in the cellular response to stress, particularly in the context of the Unfolded Protein Response (UPR) . The UPR is activated in response to the accumulation of misfolded proteins in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER), aiming to restore normal function by halting protein translation and activating signaling pathways that lead to increased production of molecular chaperones involved in protein folding .

DDIT3/CHOP is primarily known for its role in promoting apoptosis in response to prolonged ER stress . Under conditions of severe or chronic stress, when the adaptive capacity of the UPR is overwhelmed, DDIT3/CHOP is upregulated and contributes to the initiation of programmed cell death. This is achieved through several mechanisms, including the downregulation of anti-apoptotic proteins and the upregulation of pro-apoptotic factors .

Mutations or dysregulation of the DDIT3 gene have been implicated in various diseases, including myxoid liposarcoma and soft tissue sarcoma . In the context of cancer, DDIT3/CHOP can act as a double-edged sword. While it can promote apoptosis and inhibit tumor growth, its role in the stress response can also contribute to the survival of cancer cells under adverse conditions .

Human recombinant DDIT3 is widely used in research to study the mechanisms of ER stress and apoptosis. It is also a valuable tool in the development of therapeutic strategies aimed at modulating the UPR and apoptosis in diseases characterized by protein misfolding and ER stress .