CTLA4 Mouse

Cytotoxic T-Lymphocyte Associated Antigen-4 Mouse Recombinant
Cat. No.
BT20679
Source
Sf9 Insect cells.
Synonyms
Cytotoxic T-lymphocyte protein 4, Cytotoxic T-lymphocyte-associated antigen 4, CTLA-4, CD152, Ctla4, Cd152.
Appearance
Sterile filtered colorless solution.
Purity

Greater than 90.0% as determined by SDS-PAGE.

Usage
THE BioTek's products are furnished for LABORATORY RESEARCH USE ONLY. The product may not be used as drugs, agricultural or pesticidal products, food additives or household chemicals.
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Description

CTLA4 Mouse Recombinant produced in Sf9 Insect cells is a single, glycosylated polypeptide chain containing 363 amino acids (38-161aa) and having a molecular mass of 40.6kDa (Molecular size on SDS-PAGE will appear at approximately 40-57kDa).
CTLA4 is fused to a 239 amino acid hIgG-His-tag at C-terminus & purified by proprietary chromatographic techniques.

Product Specs

Introduction
CTLA-4, a protein crucial for regulating immune responses, belongs to the immunoglobulin superfamily. Its primary function involves transmitting inhibitory signals to T cells, effectively acting as a 'brake' on the immune system. Structurally, CTLA-4 comprises a V domain, a transmembrane domain, and a cytoplasmic tail. Variations in the gene encoding CTLA-4 can result in different isoforms of the protein. The membrane-bound isoform forms homodimers linked by a disulfide bond, while the soluble isoform exists as a monomer. Genetic mutations affecting CTLA-4 have been implicated in a range of autoimmune diseases, including type 1 diabetes, Graves' disease, Hashimoto's thyroiditis, celiac disease, systemic lupus erythematosus, and thyroid-associated orbitopathy.
Description
Recombinant Mouse CTLA4, produced in Sf9 insect cells, is a single, glycosylated polypeptide chain. It consists of 363 amino acids (specifically, amino acids 38 to 161) and has a molecular mass of 40.6 kDa. On SDS-PAGE, its apparent molecular size ranges from 40 kDa to 57 kDa. This CTLA4 protein is engineered with a 239 amino acid hIgG-His-tag at the C-terminus and is purified using proprietary chromatographic techniques.
Physical Appearance
A clear, colorless solution that has been sterilized by filtration.
Formulation
The CTLA4 protein solution is provided at a concentration of 0.5 mg/ml in a buffer consisting of Phosphate Buffered Saline (pH 7.4) and 10% glycerol.
Stability
For short-term storage (2-4 weeks), the CTLA4 protein should be stored at 4°C. For extended storage, it is recommended to store the protein at -20°C. To ensure optimal long-term stability, adding a carrier protein (either 0.1% HSA or BSA) is advisable. Repeated freezing and thawing of the protein should be avoided.
Purity
The purity of CTLA4 is greater than 90%, as determined by SDS-PAGE analysis.
Biological Activity
The biological activity of CTLA4 is determined by its ability to inhibit IL-2 production in stimulated Jurkat human acute T cell leukemia cells in the presence of Human B7-1/CD80. The ED50 for this activity is in the range of ≤150 ng/ml, as assessed using an IL-2 ELISA.
Synonyms
Cytotoxic T-lymphocyte protein 4, Cytotoxic T-lymphocyte-associated antigen 4, CTLA-4, CD152, Ctla4, Cd152.
Source
Sf9 Insect cells.
Amino Acid Sequence
IQVTQPSVVL ASSHGVASFP CEYSPSHNTD EVRVTVLRQT NDQMTEVCAT TFTEKNTVGF LDYPFCSGTF NESRVNLTIQ GLRAVDTGLY LCKVELMYPP PYFVGMGNGT QIYVIDPEPC PDSDLEPKSC DKTHTCPPCP APELLGGPSV FLFPPKPKDT LMISRTPEVT CVVVDVSHED
PEVKFNWYVD GVEVHNAKTK PREEQYNSTY RVVSVLTVLH QDWLNGKEYK CKVSNKALPA PIEKTISKAK GQPREPQVYT LPPSRDELTK NQVSLTCLVK GFYPSDIAVE WESNGQPENN YKTTPPVLDS DGSFFLYSKL TVDKSRWQQG NVFSCSVMHE ALHNHYTQKS LSLSPGKHHH
HHH.

Product Science Overview

Introduction

Cytotoxic T-Lymphocyte Associated Antigen-4 (CTLA-4), also known as CD152, is a critical immune checkpoint receptor that plays a significant role in regulating immune responses. It is predominantly expressed on the surface of activated T cells and regulatory T cells (Tregs). The recombinant form of CTLA-4, particularly from mouse models, has been extensively studied to understand its biological functions and therapeutic potential.

Structure and Expression

CTLA-4 is a single-chain transmembrane glycoprotein belonging to the immunoglobulin superfamily. In mice, the CTLA-4 protein consists of 162 amino acids with a molecular weight ranging between 25-30 kDa . It is expressed mainly on CD4+ T cells and binds to the B7 family molecules (CD80 and CD86) on antigen-presenting cells with higher affinity than its homolog, CD28 .

Biological Functions

CTLA-4 serves as a negative regulator of T cell activation. Upon binding to its ligands, CTLA-4 transmits inhibitory signals that dampen T cell responses, thereby maintaining immune homeostasis and preventing autoimmunity . This inhibitory function is crucial for the survival and function of Tregs, which play a pivotal role in suppressing immune responses and maintaining self-tolerance .

Role in Tumor Immunity

CTLA-4’s role extends to tumor immunity, where it modulates T cell responses to aid tumor cells in evading immune detection . By inhibiting T cell activation and proliferation, CTLA-4 contributes to the immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment. This has led to the development of anti-CTLA-4 antibody therapies aimed at blocking CTLA-4 to restore T cell activation and enhance anti-tumor immunity .

Therapeutic Applications

The therapeutic potential of targeting CTLA-4 has been explored in various clinical settings. Monoclonal antibodies against CTLA-4, such as ipilimumab, have shown promising results in treating several malignancies, including melanoma, renal cell carcinoma, and non-small cell lung carcinoma . These therapies work by blocking CTLA-4, thereby reversing Treg-mediated suppression and promoting robust anti-tumor immune responses .

Research and Development

Recombinant mouse CTLA-4 proteins are widely used in research to study the molecular mechanisms of CTLA-4-mediated immune regulation. These studies have provided valuable insights into the role of CTLA-4 in immune homeostasis, autoimmunity, and cancer . Ongoing research aims to further optimize CTLA-4 blockade and explore its potential in combination with other immune checkpoint inhibitors for enhanced therapeutic efficacy .

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