CTLA 4 Human

Cytotoxic T-Lymphocyte Associated Antigen-4 Human Recombinant
Cat. No.
BT20253
Source
Escherichia Coli.
Synonyms
GSE, CD152, IDDM12, CELIAC3, CTLA-4.
Appearance
Sterile filtered colorless solution.
Purity
Greater than 90% as determined by SDS-PAGE.
Usage
THE BioTek's products are furnished for LABORATORY RESEARCH USE ONLY. The product may not be used as drugs, agricultural or pesticidal products, food additives or household chemicals.
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Description

CTLA 4 Human Recombinant produced in E. coli is a single polypeptide chain containing 149 amino acids (36-161) and having a molecular mass of 15.9 kDa.
CTLA 4 is fused to a 23 amino acid His-tag at N-terminus & purified by proprietary chromatographic techniques.

Product Specs

Introduction
Belonging to the immunoglobulin superfamily, CTLA-4 is a protein-coding gene. The protein encoded by this gene relays an inhibitory signal to T cells. Structurally, it comprises a V domain, a transmembrane domain, and a cytoplasmic tail. Different isoforms are encoded by alternate transcriptional splice variants that have been identified. Functionally, the membrane-bound isoform exists as a homodimer linked by a disulfide bond, while the soluble isoform acts as a monomer. Mutations in this gene are implicated in various autoimmune diseases, including insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus, Graves disease, Hashimoto thyroiditis, celiac disease, systemic lupus erythematosus, and thyroid-associated orbitopathy.
Description
Recombinant human CTLA-4, produced in E. coli, is a single polypeptide chain with a molecular weight of 15.9 kDa. It consists of 149 amino acids (residues 36-161). The protein includes a 23 amino acid His-tag fused at the N-terminus and is purified using proprietary chromatographic techniques.
Physical Appearance
The product is a colorless solution that has undergone sterile filtration.
Formulation
The CTLA-4 solution is supplied at a concentration of 1mg/ml. It is formulated in a buffer containing 20mM Tris-HCl (pH 8.0), 0.4M urea, and 10% glycerol.
Stability
For short-term storage (2-4 weeks), the product can be stored at 4°C. For extended storage, it is recommended to freeze the product at -20°C. To ensure optimal stability during long-term storage, consider adding a carrier protein such as HSA or BSA (0.1%). Repeated freezing and thawing should be avoided.
Purity
The purity of the protein is greater than 90% as determined by SDS-PAGE analysis.
Synonyms
GSE, CD152, IDDM12, CELIAC3, CTLA-4.
Source
Escherichia Coli.
Amino Acid Sequence
MGSSHHHHHH SSGLVPRGSH MGSKAMHVAQ PAVVLASSRG IASFVCEYAS PGKATEVRVT VLRQADSQVT EVCAATYMMG NELTFLDDSI CTGTSSGNQV NLTIQGLRAM DTGLYICKVE LMYPPPYYLG IGNGTQIYVI DPEPCPDSD.

Product Science Overview

Introduction

Cytotoxic T-Lymphocyte Associated Antigen-4 (CTLA-4), also known as CD152, is a protein receptor that plays a crucial role in the immune system. It is a member of the immunoglobulin superfamily and is expressed on the surface of T cells. CTLA-4 functions as an immune checkpoint, providing inhibitory signals to T cells, which are essential for maintaining immune homeostasis and preventing autoimmunity .

Structure and Function

CTLA-4 shares structural similarities with CD28, another receptor on T cells, and both receptors bind to the same ligands, CD80 and CD86, on antigen-presenting cells (APCs). However, while CD28 provides stimulatory signals to T cells, CTLA-4 delivers inhibitory signals. This antagonistic relationship is critical for regulating T cell activation and ensuring that the immune response is appropriately controlled .

Mechanism of Action

The primary mechanism by which CTLA-4 inhibits T cell activation involves its higher affinity for CD80 and CD86 compared to CD28. By outcompeting CD28 for these ligands, CTLA-4 effectively reduces the co-stimulatory signals required for full T cell activation. This inhibition is crucial for preventing excessive immune responses that could lead to tissue damage and autoimmune diseases .

Clinical Significance

CTLA-4 has become a significant target in immunotherapy, particularly in the treatment of cancer. Blocking CTLA-4 with monoclonal antibodies, such as ipilimumab, can enhance T cell activation and promote anti-tumor immunity. This approach has shown promising results in treating various cancers, including melanoma . Additionally, CTLA-4-Ig (abatacept) is used in the treatment of autoimmune diseases like rheumatoid arthritis by inhibiting T cell activation and reducing inflammation .

Research and Development

Ongoing research aims to further understand the intricate mechanisms of CTLA-4 and optimize its therapeutic potential. Studies are exploring the effects of CTLA-4 on different immune cell types, including B cells, and its role in various disease contexts. For instance, CTLA-4-Ig has been shown to suppress the expression of activation markers and pro-inflammatory cytokines in human B cells, highlighting its broader immunomodulatory effects .

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