BCAT1 Human

Branched Chain Amino-Acid Transaminase 1 (BCAT1) is a crucial enzyme in the metabolism of branched-chain amino acids (BCAAs), which include leucine, isoleucine, and valine. These amino acids are essential for various cellular processes, including protein synthesis and energy production. BCAT1 is encoded by the BCAT1 gene in humans and is primarily found in the cytoplasm of cells .

BCAT1 catalyzes the reversible transamination of BCAAs and glutamate, facilitating the first step in the catabolism of these essential amino acids. The enzyme’s activity involves the transfer of an amino group from BCAAs to alpha-ketoglutarate, producing branched-chain alpha-keto acids (BCKAs) and glutamate . This reaction is vital for maintaining the balance of amino acids within the cell and for providing substrates for energy production and biosynthesis.

There are two isoforms of BCAT: BCAT1 and BCAT2. While BCAT1 is localized in the cytoplasm, BCAT2 is found in the mitochondria. The distinct localization of these isoforms allows for compartmentalized regulation of BCAA metabolism within the cell .

BCAT1 plays a significant role in various physiological processes, including:

• Cell Growth and Proliferation: BCAAs are essential for protein synthesis, and their metabolism by BCAT1 is crucial for cell growth and proliferation .
• Energy Production: The catabolism of BCAAs provides substrates for the tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle, contributing to cellular energy production .
• Neurotransmitter Synthesis: Glutamate, produced by the action of BCAT1, is a key neurotransmitter in the central nervous system .

Mutations or dysregulation of the BCAT1 gene can lead to metabolic disorders such as hypervalinemia and hyperleucine-isoleucinemia . Additionally, BCAT1 has been implicated in the progression of certain cancers, including glioblastoma, where it contributes to tumor growth and metabolic reprogramming .

Recombinant human BCAT1 protein is produced using techniques such as expression in E. coli and subsequent purification. This recombinant protein is used in various research applications to study the enzyme’s function, regulation, and role in disease .