ATP1B2 Human

ATPase Transporting Beta 2, also known as ATP1B2, is a protein-coding gene that plays a crucial role in maintaining ionic homeostasis within cells. This protein is a subunit of the Na+/K+ ATPase enzyme, which is essential for various physiological functions, including cell survival, differentiation, and apoptosis .

The Na+/K+ ATPase enzyme is composed of three subunits: a catalytic alpha subunit, a beta subunit, and a modulatory gamma subunit. The beta subunits, such as ATP1B2, are responsible for the formation and structural integrity of the Na+/K+ ATPase holoenzyme . ATP1B2 is predominantly expressed in the brain and is known to bind preferentially to ATP1A2, which is mainly found in astrocytes after development .

The primary function of the ATP1A2-ATP1B2 Na+/K+ ATPase in astrocytes is to restore extracellular potassium (K+) homeostasis following neuronal depolarization . This process is vital for maintaining the proper function of neurons and preventing excitotoxicity.

The ATP1B2 gene is located on the short arm of chromosome 17 (17p13.1) in humans . The gene encodes a protein that is approximately 290 amino acids long with a molecular mass of 33.4 kDa . The protein sequence shows high similarity to its counterparts in other species, such as mice and rats .

Recombinant ATP1B2 is a form of the protein that is produced through recombinant DNA technology. This involves inserting the human ATP1B2 gene into a suitable expression system, such as bacteria or mammalian cells, to produce the protein in large quantities. Recombinant ATP1B2 is used in various research applications, including studying the protein’s function, structure, and interactions with other molecules .

Mutations or dysregulation of the ATP1B2 gene have been associated with several diseases, including epilepsy and retinoschisis . Understanding the role of ATP1B2 in these conditions can provide insights into potential therapeutic targets and treatment strategies.