TNF a Rat, His
Description
TNF a is fused to a 25 amino acid His-tag at N-terminus & purified by proprietary chromatographic techniques.
Product Specs
Product Science Overview
Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha (TNF-α) is a multifunctional cytokine involved in various physiological and pathological processes. It plays a significant role in inflammation, immunity, apoptosis, and cell survival. The recombinant form of TNF-α, particularly the rat version with a His tag, is widely used in research to study its biological functions and therapeutic potential.
Recombinant Rat TNF-α with a His tag is typically expressed in HEK 293 cells, ensuring high purity and proper folding of the protein. The His tag facilitates purification and detection of the protein in various assays. The recombinant protein is often used in applications such as sELISA and SDS-PAGE .
TNF-α is primarily secreted by macrophages and can induce cell death in certain tumor cell lines. It acts as a potent pyrogen, causing fever by directly stimulating interleukin-1 secretion. TNF-α is also implicated in the induction of cachexia, a wasting syndrome commonly seen in chronic diseases .
Under certain conditions, TNF-α can stimulate cell proliferation and induce cell differentiation. It plays a role in angiogenesis by inducing VEGF production synergistically with IL-1β and IL-6. Additionally, TNF-α induces insulin resistance in adipocytes by inhibiting insulin-induced IRS1 tyrosine phosphorylation and glucose uptake .
TNF-α exerts its effects through two receptors: TNFRSF1A/TNFR1 and TNFRSF1B/TNFBR. The interaction with these receptors activates several signal transduction pathways, leading to diverse biological functions. The soluble form of TNF-α is derived from the membrane-bound form through proteolytic processing. The membrane-bound form is further processed by SPPL2A or SPPL2B, producing TNF intracellular domains (ICD1 and ICD2) released in the cytosol and TNF C-domain 1 and C-domain 2 secreted into the extracellular space .
Recombinant Rat TNF-α with a His tag is used in various research applications, including:
- sELISA: To quantify TNF-α levels in biological samples.
- SDS-PAGE: To analyze the purity and molecular weight of the protein.
- Cell Culture Studies: To investigate the effects of TNF-α on cell proliferation, differentiation, and apoptosis.
TNF-α has been explored for its therapeutic potential in cancer treatment. It has shown promise in the regional treatment of locally advanced soft tissue sarcomas and metastatic melanomas. TNF-α acts synergistically with cytostatic drugs, enhancing their efficacy by targeting tumor-associated vasculature and inducing hyperpermeability and destruction of the vascular lining .
