TCF4 is characterized by its ability to recognize and bind to specific DNA sequences known as E-box motifs (CANNTG), which are commonly found in the promoters and enhancers of target genes . The protein contains a bHLH domain that facilitates dimerization and DNA binding, enabling it to regulate the transcription of genes involved in critical cellular functions.
TCF4 is expressed in a wide range of tissues, with notable expression in the cerebral cortex, cerebellum, basal ganglia, hypothalamus, midbrain, amygdala, choroid plexus, hippocampal formation, spinal cord, retina, thyroid gland, parathyroid gland, adrenal gland, pituitary gland, lung, salivary gland, esophagus, tongue, stomach, duodenum, small intestine, colon, rectum, liver, gallbladder, pancreas, kidney, urinary bladder, testis, epididymis, seminal vesicle, prostate, vagina, ovary, fallopian tube, endometrium, cervix, placenta, breast, heart muscle, smooth muscle, skeletal muscle, adipose tissue, skin, appendix, spleen, lymph node, tonsil, bone marrow, and thymus . It is predominantly localized in the nucleoplasm and cytosol of cells.
TCF4 is involved in the regulation of various developmental processes, including neurogenesis, myogenesis, and hematopoiesis. It plays a pivotal role in the development and function of the nervous system, influencing the differentiation and maturation of neurons. Additionally, TCF4 is implicated in the regulation of immune responses and the maintenance of stem cell pluripotency.
Recombinant TCF4 is produced using advanced biotechnological methods to ensure high purity and biological activity. The recombinant protein is typically expressed in host cells, such as Escherichia coli or mammalian cells, and purified using affinity chromatography techniques . This allows researchers to study the protein’s structure, function, and interactions in a controlled environment.
Recombinant TCF4 has numerous applications in biomedical research, including the study of gene regulation, cellular differentiation, and disease mechanisms. It is also used in drug discovery and development, providing valuable insights into potential therapeutic targets for various diseases.