The SH3 Domain Binding Glutamic Acid-Rich Protein Like (SH3BGRL) is a member of a small family of proteins that are characterized by their ability to bind to SH3 domains. These proteins are involved in various cellular processes, including signal transduction, cytoskeletal organization, and cellular migration. The human recombinant form of SH3BGRL has been studied for its potential roles in cancer and other diseases.
The SH3BGRL gene is located on human chromosome 1 at the position 1p36.11 . The gene encodes a protein that is approximately 10.5 kDa in size and has an isoelectric point of 5.0 . The SH3BGRL protein family includes several homologous proteins, such as SH3BGR, SH3BGRL, and SH3BGRL3, which are located on different chromosomes and have varying expression patterns .
SH3BGRL is ubiquitously expressed in human tissues, with higher expression levels observed in certain tissues such as the spleen, thymus, and various arteries . The protein is found in multiple cellular compartments, including the nucleus, cytoplasm, and extracellular exosomes . This widespread expression suggests that SH3BGRL may play a fundamental role in various cellular functions.
While the precise functions of SH3BGRL are not fully understood, it is known to be involved in redox homeostasis and electron transport chain processes . The protein shows significant similarity to glutaredoxin 1 of E. coli, which is an oxidoreductase involved in reducing intracellular protein disulfides . However, SH3BGRL lacks the enzymatic activity of glutaredoxins and may instead act as a regulator of redox activity .
SH3BGRL has been implicated in cancer, particularly in glioblastoma multiforme, where it is up-regulated compared to normal cerebral tissue . The protein has also been found to be overexpressed in several other tumors, suggesting a potential role in tumorigenesis . Recent studies have indicated that SH3BGRL may interact with members of the EGFR family, which are known to be involved in cancer progression .
SH3BGRL interacts with myosin 1c in a calcium-dependent manner, which modulates cellular migration . This interaction is crucial for the regulation of cytoskeletal dynamics and cell motility. The binding of SH3BGRL to myosin 1c requires the presence of calcium, suggesting that calcium-driven mechanisms may regulate the conformation and activity of myosin 1c .