S100A7A Human
Description
Product Specs
Product Science Overview
S100 Calcium Binding Protein A7A, also known as S100A7A or koebnerisin, is a member of the S100 family of proteins. These proteins are characterized by their ability to bind calcium ions, which is crucial for their role in various cellular processes. S100A7A is encoded by the S100A7A gene, which is located on chromosome 1q21.3 in humans .
S100A7A is involved in several fundamental cellular and extracellular processes, including cell proliferation, differentiation, migration, and antimicrobial defense. It is predominantly expressed in the skin, particularly in the epidermal basal and differentiated keratinocytes, melanocytes, and Langerhans cells. Additionally, it is found in the inner and external root sheath of the pilosebaceous unit and the basal layer of the sebaceous gland .
In the dermis, S100A7A is produced by dendritic cells, smooth muscle cells, endothelial cells, and fibroblasts, playing a role in tissue regeneration. It is also expressed in the breast, where it is found in alveolar and small duct luminal cells, epithelial-derived myoepithelial cells, and surrounding blood vessels .
S100A7A has been implicated in various diseases, particularly those involving inflammation and cancer. It was first identified as being upregulated in psoriatic skin, suggesting its involvement in the lesional phenotype of psoriasis. The protein is also overexpressed in other inflammatory skin diseases, such as eczema .
In the context of cancer, S100A7A is overexpressed in estrogen receptor/progesterone receptor (ER/PR) negative breast tumors, indicating a potential role in tumor progression. The secreted form of S100A7A acts as a chemoattractant, enhancing inflammation and potentially driving carcinogenesis .
S100A7A functions as an antimicrobial peptide (AMP), reducing the survival of bacteria such as Escherichia coli. It is strongly regulated by bacterial components, including those from Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Staphylococcus aureus. This suggests that S100A7A plays a significant role in the antimicrobial defense of the skin and the digestive tract of breast-feeding newborns .
