S100A10 Human

S100 Calcium Binding Protein A10, also known as S100A10 or p11, is a member of the S100 family of proteins. These proteins are characterized by the presence of two EF-hand calcium-binding motifs, which are helix-loop-helix structural domains capable of binding calcium ions. S100A10 is encoded by the S100A10 gene in humans and plays a crucial role in various cellular processes.

S100A10 is a small protein with a molecular weight of approximately 11 kDa. It is predominantly found in the cytoplasm and nucleus of cells. The protein is known for its ability to form a heterotetrameric complex with Annexin A2, which is essential for its function. This complex is involved in various cellular processes, including membrane trafficking, exocytosis, and endocytosis .

One of the key functions of S100A10 is its role in the regulation of neurotransmitter transport. It has been implicated in the transport of serotonin, a neurotransmitter that plays a significant role in mood regulation. Due to this interaction, S100A10 is considered a potential target for drug therapy in mood disorders .

S100A10 is involved in several biological processes, including:

• Regulation of Cell Cycle: S100A10 plays a role in cell cycle progression and differentiation.
• Membrane Trafficking: It is involved in the reorganization of F-actin, which is crucial for exocytosis and endocytosis.
• Neurotransmitter Transport: S100A10 is linked with the transport of neurotransmitters, particularly serotonin, and is implicated in mood regulation .

S100A10 has been studied for its potential role in various diseases. It is overexpressed in numerous cancer cell lines, where it acts as a plasminogen receptor on the extracellular cell surface. This overexpression is associated with the formation of a heterotetrameric complex with Annexin A2, which is crucial for its function in cancer cell invasion and metastasis .

Additionally, S100A10 acts as a cellular chaperone for hepatitis B virus polymerase, facilitating its relocation to the nucleus and implying a role in viral replication .

Recombinant S100A10 protein is produced using various expression systems, including E. coli. The recombinant protein is often tagged with a hexahistidine tag to facilitate purification. It is used in various research applications, including as a positive control in immunological assays .