PTP4A3 Human
Description
The PTP4A3 is purified by proprietary chromatographic techniques.
Product Specs
Protein Tyrosine Phosphatase Type IVA Member 3 (PTP4A3), also known as PRL-3, is a prenylated protein tyrosine phosphatase involved in removing phosphate groups from tyrosine residues in proteins. It plays a crucial role in cellular processes like growth, movement, and invasion. PTP4A3 is known to accelerate the transition from the G1 to S phase during cell division. Primarily found in heart muscle cells and skeletal muscle, it is also present in the pancreas. Notably, PTP4A3 is frequently overexpressed in metastatic colon cancer and liver metastases originating from colorectal cancer. Its elevated expression is associated with tumor development and spread, making it a key player in the progression of colorectal, ovarian, liver, and skin cancers. PTP4A3 is believed to contribute to cardiac hypertrophy by hindering the mobilization of intracellular calcium in response to angiotensin II. Furthermore, its activity can be inhibited by compounds like sodium orthovanadate and peroxovanadium compounds.
Product Science Overview
PTP4A3 is part of a small class of prenylated PTPs, which means it undergoes a post-translational modification where a lipid group is added to the protein. This modification is important for the protein’s localization to the cell membrane, where it can interact with other signaling molecules . The primary functions of PTP4A3 include:
- Enhancing Cell Proliferation: PTP4A3 promotes the progression of cells from the G1 phase to the S phase of the cell cycle, thereby stimulating cell division .
- Increasing Cell Motility: The protein enhances the ability of cells to move, which is crucial for processes such as wound healing and immune responses .
- Promoting Invasive Activity: PTP4A3 is involved in the invasive behavior of cells, which is a characteristic feature of cancer metastasis .
PTP4A3 has been extensively studied for its role in cancer, particularly in metastasis. It has been found to be overexpressed in various types of cancers, including colorectal cancer, breast cancer, ovarian cancer, gastric cancer, esophageal squamous cell carcinoma, and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) . The overexpression of PTP4A3 is associated with:
- Tumor Differentiation: Higher levels of PTP4A3 are correlated with poorly differentiated tumors, which tend to be more aggressive and have a worse prognosis .
- Poor Prognosis: Patients with high PTP4A3 expression often have a poorer overall survival rate and a higher likelihood of cancer recurrence .
- Metastasis: PTP4A3 plays a significant role in the metastatic spread of cancer cells to other parts of the body .
Given its role in cancer progression and metastasis, PTP4A3 is considered a potential prognostic marker and therapeutic target. High expression levels of PTP4A3 can serve as an indicator of poor prognosis in cancer patients, making it a valuable marker for predicting patient outcomes . Additionally, targeting PTP4A3 with specific inhibitors could potentially reduce cancer cell proliferation, motility, and invasiveness, offering a new avenue for cancer therapy.
