PTGR1 Human

Prostaglandin Reductase 1 (PTGR1) is an enzyme that plays a crucial role in the metabolism of eicosanoids, which are signaling molecules derived from arachidonic acid. PTGR1 is part of the medium-chain dehydrogenase/reductase superfamily and is involved in both the cyclooxygenase (COX) and lipoxygenase (LOX) pathways .

PTGR1 is primarily responsible for the deactivation of certain eicosanoids, including prostaglandins and leukotriene B4. This enzyme catalyzes the NADP+ dependent conversion of leukotriene B4 to 12-oxo-leukotriene B4 . The altered metabolism of arachidonic acid, facilitated by PTGR1, has been shown to play significant roles in various biological processes, including inflammation and cancer progression .

PTGR1 is expressed in various tissues, with notable expression in the liver, kidney, and lung. The enzyme’s expression is regulated by multiple factors, including inflammatory cytokines and oxidative stress .

The primary function of PTGR1 is to regulate the levels of bioactive eicosanoids. By deactivating prostaglandins and leukotrienes, PTGR1 helps modulate inflammatory responses and maintain homeostasis. Additionally, PTGR1 has been implicated in cancer biology, where it influences tumor metabolism and progression .

PTGR1 acts by catalyzing the reduction of prostaglandins and leukotrienes, thereby inactivating these signaling molecules. This reduction process involves the transfer of electrons from NADP+ to the substrate, resulting in the formation of less active metabolites .

The activity of PTGR1 is regulated at multiple levels, including gene expression, post-translational modifications, and interaction with other proteins. Inflammatory cytokines and oxidative stress are known to upregulate PTGR1 expression, enhancing its activity during inflammatory responses .